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. 2023 Feb 28;14:1100874. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1100874

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The study design. IVDD, intervertebral disc degeneration; T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus; GWAS, genome-wide association study; MR, Mendelian randomization; BMI, body mass index; IVW, inverse-variance weighted.