Table 1. Patient Characteristics of Stable, Worsening Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Relapsing MS Sampled During Remission and Active Disease.
| Variable | MS, No. (%) | P value | No. (%) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stable | Worsening progressive | Remission | Active | |||
| No. of patients | 19 | 18 | NA | 66 | NA | |
| Samples, No. | 169 | 184 | 66 | 66 | ||
| No. of samples per patient | 9 (8-10) | 10 (9-12.5) | .10 | NA | NA | NA |
| Follow-up time, median (IQR) [range], y | 7.1 (5.7-8.0) [4.1-9.0] | 6.5 (5.2-7.7) [2.7-8.5] | .40 | NA | NA | NA |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 12 (63.2) | 11 (61.1) | <.99 | 50 (75.8) | NA | |
| Male | 7 (36.8) | 7 (38.9) | 16 (24.2) | |||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 44.2 (39.5-49.2) | 43.8 (40.9-53.8) | .78 | 40.6 (30.2-46.4) | 39.9 (29.2-45.4) | .62 |
| Disease category at study entry | ||||||
| RRMS | 18 (94.7) | 10 (55.6) | .02 | 62 (93.9) | 62 (93.9) | .80 |
| Progressive MS | 1 (5.3) | 8 (44.4) | 4 (6.1) | 4 (6.1) | ||
| EDSS score, median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.5-3.8) | 4.0 (3.1-4.4) | .07 | 2.0 (1.5-3.0) | 2.0 (2.0-3.0) | .25 |
| Disease duration, median (IQR), y | 9.4 (6.3-20.1) | 13.70 (7.8-18.7) | .43 | 7.8 (3.8-14.7) | 7.5 (3.4-14.1) | .50 |
| DMT | .09 | .001 | ||||
| Untreated | 3 (15.8) | 7 (38.9) | 8 (12.1) | 23 (34.8) | ||
| Platform | 5 (26.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (7.6) | 9 (13.6) | ||
| Oral | 6 (31.6) | 6 (33.3) | 40 (60.6) | 31 (47.0) | ||
| Monoclonal antibody therapies | 5 (26.3) | 5 (27.8) | 13 (19.7) | 3 (4.5) | ||
| Relapsea | NA | NA | NA | 0 (0) | 36 (54.5) | NA |
| Time since last relapse, median (IQR), d | NA | NA | NA | NA | 16.0 (4.8-22.5) | NA |
| T2w lesion volume, median (IQR), mL | 10.9 (2.7-19.7) | 16.3 (12.8-44.7) | .21 | 5.2 (2.0-14.6) | 5.9 (2.6-17.9) | 0.48 |
| EDSS score at last sampling, median (IQR) | 2.5 (2.0-3.8) | 6.0 (5.6-6.9) | <.001 | NA | NA | NA |
| No. of PIRA events | ||||||
| 0 | 19 (100) | 0 (0) | <.001 | NA | NA | NA |
| 1 | 0 (0) | 6 (33.3) | ||||
| 2 | 0 (0) | 8 (44.4) | ||||
| 3 | 0 (0) | 4 (22.2) | ||||
| DMT at last visit | ||||||
| Untreated | 1 (5.3) | 4 (22.2) | <.001 | NA | NA | NA |
| Platform | 4 (21.1) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Orals | 11 (57.9) | 0 (0) | ||||
| mAB | 3 (15.8) | 14 (77.8) | ||||
| CEL at sample | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.9) | .83 | NA | NA | NA |
| New/enlarging T2w lesion at sample | 13 (7.7) | 20 (10.9) | .41 | |||
| Presence of CEL | NA | NA | NA | 0 (0) | 30 (45.5) | NA |
| Relapse and CEL | 0 (0) | 9 (13.6) | NA | |||
| T2w lesion volume, median (IQR), mL | 5.2 (2.0-14.6) | 5.9 (2.6-17.9) | .48 | |||
Abbreviations: CEL, contrast-enhancing lesion; DMT, disease-modifying treatment; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; mAB, monoclonal antibody therapies; MS, multiple sclerosis; NA, not applicable; PIRA, progression independent of relapse activity; RRMS, relapsing-remitting MS; w, weighted.
a
Within 30 days.