Table 1. Descriptive Statistics of the Participant Demographics and Clinical Behavioral Measures for the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Network Data Set, With the Corresponding Statistics Identifying Significant Differences Among the Diagnostic Groups.
| Measurea | Median (IQR) | Statistics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD (n = 164) | ASD (n = 217) | OCD (n = 60) | TD (n = 110) | Test statisticb | P value | Effect sizec | Significant post hocd | |
| Age, y | 11.34 (9.47 to 13.77) | 11.90 (9.51 to 15.14) | 12.98 (11.32 to 15.12) | 11.6 (8.94 to 13.35) | 9.50 | .02 | 0.02 | ADHD < OCD |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||||||
| Male | 125 (76.2) | 166 (76.5) | 38 (63.3) | 64 (58.2) | 15.9 | 1.18 × 10−3 | 0.17 | Female: TD, OCD > ADHD, ASD |
| Female | 39 (23.8) | 51 (23.5) | 22 (36.7) | 46 (41.8) | ||||
| Primary caregiver education, No. (%)e | ||||||||
| 1 | 1 (0.6) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.8) | 8.78 | .03 | 0.03 | ASD < OCD, TD | |
| 2 | 10 (6.1) | 23 (10.6) | 10 (9.1) | |||||
| 3 | 20 (12.2) | 34 (15.7) | 2 (3.3) | 17 (15.5) | ||||
| 4 | 25 (15.2) | 41 (18.9) | 5 (8.3) | 44 (40) | ||||
| 5 | 18 (11) | 31 (14.3) | 5 (8.3) | 32 (29.1) | ||||
| Household income, No. (%)f | ||||||||
| Low | 17 (10.4) | 29 (13.4) | 1 (1.7) | 13 (11.8) | 11.76 | .01 | 0.04 | ADHD, ASD < TD |
| Medium | 36 (22) | 60 (27.6) | 4 (6.7) | 40 (36.4) | ||||
| High | 19 (11.6) | 25 (11.5) | 3 (5) | 39 (35.5) | ||||
| Race and ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||||||
| Minoritized race and ethnicityg | 48 (29.3) | 55 (25.3) | 15 (25) | 40 (36.4) | 0.3 | .96 | 0.03 | NA |
| White | 65 (39.6) | 84 (38.7) | 20 (33.3) | 59 (53.6) | ||||
| Scanner, No. (%) | ||||||||
| SK-TT | 41 (25) | 90 (41.5) | 37 (61.7) | 16 (14.5) | 81.3 | 1.97 × 10−15 | 0.27 | SK-TT: OCD > ASD > ADHD, TD; QU-TT: ADHD, TD > ASD |
| QU-TT | 38 (23.2) | 11 (5.1) | 0 (0) | 31 (28.2) | ||||
| SK-PF | 85 (51.8) | 116 (53.5) | 23 (38.3) | 63 (57.3) | ||||
| Head motion, mm | 11.34 (9.47 to 13.77) | 11.90 (9.51 to 15.14) | 12.98 (11.32 to 15.12) | 11.6 (8.94 to 13.35) | 13.31 | 4.01 × 10−3 | 0.02 | ASD > OCD, TD |
| FSIQ | 11.34 (9.47 to 13.77) | 11.90 (9.51 to 15.14) | 12.98 (11.32 to 15.12) | 11.6 (8.94 to 13.35) | 79.01 | 5.01 × 10−17 | 0.16 | ASD < ADHD < TD, OCD |
| SCQ | 11.34 (9.47 to 13.77) | 11.90 (9.51 to 15.14) | 12.98 (11.32 to 15.12) | 11.6 (8.94 to 13.35) | 305.01 | 8.18 × 10−66 | 0.61 | ASD > ADHD |
| OCD > TD | ||||||||
| RBS-R | 10.00 (4.00 to 20.00) | 26.00 (15.00 to 40.50) | 22.00 (10.75 to 36.00) | 0.00 (0.00 to 2.00) | 250.30 | 5.64 × 10−54 | 0.49 | ASD, OCD > ADHD > TD |
| SWAN-I | 6.00 (1.00 to 7.00) | 5.00 (2.00 to 7.00) | 1.00 (0.00 to 3.25) | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.00) | 224.57 | 2.07 × 10−48 | 0.45 | ADHD > ASD > OCD > TD |
| SWAN-HI | 3.50 (1.00 to 7.00) | 3.00 (1.00 to 7.00) | 0.00 (0.00 to 2.00) | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.00) | 174.46 | 1.38 × 10−37 | 0.35 | ADHD, ASD > OCD > TD |
| TOCS | −22.00 (−48.00 to −2.00) | −5.00 (−31.50 to 6.75) | 20.00 (12.00 to 33.75) | −43.50 (−59.00 to −11.50) | 149.46 | 3.44 × 10−32 | 0.30 | OCD > ASD > ADHD > TD |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; FSIQ, full-scale intelligence quotient; NA, not applicable; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; QU-TT, Queen’s University TimTrio; RBS-R, Repetitive Behaviors Scale–Revised; SCQ, Social Communication Questionnaire; SK-PF, SickKids PrismaFIT; SK-TT, SickKids TimTrio; SWAN-HI, Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD–Symptoms and Normal Behavior Hyperactivity/Impulsivity subscale; SWAN-I, Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD–Symptoms and Normal Behavior Inattention subscale; TD, typically developing; TOCS, Toronto Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.
Descriptions and ranges of all measures appear in the eMethods in Supplement 1.
Test statistic: Shapiro-Wilk W for nonnormally distributed continuous variables, 1-way analysis of variance F statistic for normally distributed continuous variables, χ2 for categorical variables, and ordinal regression χ2 for ordinal variables.
Effect size: eta-squared (η2) for continuous variables, Cramer V for categorical variables, and pseudo-R2 for ordinal variables.
Indication of which pairwise diagnosis differences are significant according to post hoc tests, with > and < symbols indicating the directionality of the association.
Level 1 indicates caregiver did not complete high school; level 2, high school education; level 3, associate degree; level 4, undergraduate degree; level 5, graduate or professional degree. Primary caregiver education data was available for 332 of 551 participants (74 ADHD, 131 ASD, 12 OCD, and 105 TD).
Low indicates less than $74 999; medium, $75 000 to $199 999; high, greater than $200 000. Household income was available for 286 of 551 participants (72 ADHD, 114 ASD, 8 OCD, 92 TD).
Includes Black, East Asian, Indigenous, Latino, Middle Eastern, South Asian, and Southeast Asian individuals as well as those who did not identify as 1 of the Canadian Institutes of Health Information groups (ie, other). Race and ethnicity were available for 381 of 551 participants (113 ADHD, 139 ASD, 35 OCD, 99 TD).