. 2023 Mar 13;177(5):498–505. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0053

Table 2. Association Between Maternal Preconception Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection and Congenital Heart Diseases in Offspring.

Maternal preconception HBV infection status	Women, No. (%)	RR (95% CI)
Maternal preconception HBV infection status	Women, No. (%)	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c
Uninfected	800 (0.027)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Previous HBV infection	141 (0.036)	1.32 (1.11-1.58)	1.31 (1.09-1.57)	1.23 (1.02-1.49)
New HBV infection	90 (0.026)	0.96 (0.77-1.19)	0.99 (0.80-1.24)	0.99 (0.79-1.24)

Abbreviation: RR, relative risk ratio.

^{^a}

Model 1 was a crude model.

^{^b}

Model 2 was adjusted for maternal family history of congenital heart diseases and paternal HBV infection status.

^{^c}

Model 3 was adjusted for maternal family history of congenital heart diseases, nationality, early pregnancy passive smoking, early pregnancy common cold, early pregnancy medication, early pregnancy folacin use, paternal HBV infection status, age, and family history of congenital heart diseases.