Table 3. Association Between the Combination of Parental Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection Status on Congenital Heart Diseases in Offspringa.
| Measure | Men | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Uninfected | Previous HBV infection | New HBV infection | |
| Uninfected women | |||
| Participants, No. | 2 610 968 | 95 735 | 153 938 |
| CHD cases, No. (%) | 680 (0.026) | 43 (0.045)b | 37 (0.024) |
| aRR (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 1.51 (1.09-2.09) | 0.93 (0.67-1.30) |
| Previous HBV infection | |||
| Participants, No. | 252 919 | 76 548 | 47 930 |
| CHDs cases, No. (%) | 93 (0.037)b | 25 (0.033) | 14 (0.029) |
| aRR (95% CI) | 1.36 (1.09-1.69) | 1.10 (0.72-1.66) | 1.08 (0.64-1.84) |
| New HBV infection | |||
| Participants, No. | 259 942 | 28 568 | 42 228 |
| CHDs cases, No. (%) | 68 (0.026) | 8 (0.028) | 14 (0.033) |
| aRR (95% CI) | 1.00 (0.78-1.29) | 1.04 (0.52-2.09) | 1.28 (0.75-2.18) |
Abbreviations: aRR, adjusted relative risk ratio; CHDs, congenital heart diseases.
a
Model was adjusted for maternal family history of CHDs, nationality, early pregnancy passive smoking, early pregnancy common cold, early pregnancy medication, early pregnancy folacin use, paternal age, and family history of CHDs.
b
The χ2 test was used for CHD incidence comparison.