Table 3A.
Predictors of reporting improved diabetes self-management behaviors during the pandemic.
| Less frequent high blood sugar | Less frequent blood sugar variability | Less frequent low blood sugar | Healthier diet | More physical activity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics (measure) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| Female (ref male) | 1.19 (0.65; 2.18) | 1.18 (0.56; 2.49) | 1.35 (0.77; 2.38) | 1.39 (0.89; 2.18) | 1.34 (0.86; 2.08) |
| Age (years) | 0.99 (0.96; 1.03) | 1.00 (0.96; 1.05) | 0.98 (0.95; 1.02) | 1.01 (0.98; 1.04) | 0.98 (0.95; 1.01) |
| Secondary education (ref primary) | 0.71 (0.24; 2.09) | 1.20 (0.25; 5.76) | 0.57 (0.21; 1.55) | 1.84 (0.60; 5.68) | 1.02 (0.37; 2.80) |
| Higher education <5 years (ref: primary) | 0.51 (0.18; 1.46) | 0.77 (0.17; 3.57) | 0.52 (0.20; 1.35) | 2.07 (0.69; 6.21) | 1.41 (0.53; 3.77) |
| Higher education >= 5 years (ref primary) | 1.45 (0.36; 5.92) | 3.31 (0.53; 20.71) | 0.20 (0.02; 1.84) | 3.13 (0.75; 13.10) | 1.31 (0.31; 5.50) |
| Retired (ref working) | 0.96 (0.42; 2.20) | 1.25 (0.43; 3.65) | 1.26 (0.57; 2.77) | 0.66 (0.35; 1.23) | 0.91 (0.49; 1.68) |
| Other (ref working) | 1.13 (0.38; 3.31) | 1.50 (0.38; 5.97) | 1.77 (0.68; 4.64) | 0.90 (0.37; 2.19) | 0.65 (0.26; 1.61) |
| Type 2 (ref type 1) | 0.98 (0.45; 2.16) | 0.57 (0.23; 1.42) | 1.03 (0.48; 2.18) | 1.92 (1.05; 3.51) | 1.43 (0.81; 2.52) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 0.99 (0.97; 1.02) | 0.99 (0.96; 1.02) | 1.01 (0.99; 1.03) | 0.99 (0.97; 1.01) | 0.99 (0.98; 1.01) |
| complications (ref no complications) | 1.84 (0.91; 3.71) | 0.77 (0.28; 2.16) | 1.05 (0.52; 2.14) | 1.54 (0.90; 2.64) | 1.18 (0.67; 2.07) |
| 1+ chronic illness (ref: none) | 0.95 (0.52; 1.74) | 1.25 (0.60; 2.62) | 1.51 (0.85; 2.68) | 1.09 (0.70; 1.70) | 0.97 (0.63; 1.50) |
| 1+ mental disorder (ref: none) | 1.18 (0.50; 2.75) | 0.41 (0.09; 1.85) | 0.79 (0.33; 1.88) | 2.57 (1.40; 4.71) | 0.72 (0.37; 1.41) |
| Quality of life (1-10) | 0.94 (0.81; 1.10) | 0.97 (0.79; 1.18) | 0.85 (0.74; 0.97) | 0.95 (0.84; 1.06) | 1.02 (0.90; 1.16) |
| DDS (1-6) | 1.58 (1.17; 2.13) | 1.67 (1.15; 2.42) | 1.46 (1.12; 1.92) | 1.80 (1.42; 2.27) | 1.07 (0.84; 1.38) |
| Worried. overly affected (y/n) | 0.86 (0.47; 1.55) | 0.78 (0.38; 1.62) | 0.84 (0.48; 1.46) | 1.45 (0.92; 2.29) | 1.06 (0.68; 1.64) |
| Worried. unable to manage diabetes (y/n) | 1.35 (0.72; 2.53) | 1.78 (0.83; 3.82) | 2.25 (1.27; 4.00) | 1.07 (0.66; 1.74) | 1.04 (0.65; 1.66) |
Adjusted for gender, age, educational attainment, occupational status, diabetes type, diabetes duration, diabetes complications, and comorbidities.
Improved compared to unchanged behavior.
(N = 760).
Bold values indicate statistically significant predictors.