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. 2023 Mar 14;2023(3):CD006499. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006499.pub5

Comparison 1. Botulinum toxin versus surgery.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1.1 Proportion of participants with improved or corrected strabismus 4 242 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.72 [0.53, 0.99]
1.1.1 Children 3 212 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.79 [0.61, 1.02]
1.1.2 Adults 1 30 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.38 [0.17, 0.85]
1.2 Proportion of participants with improved or corrected strabismus: subgroup analysis: age of onset 4 242 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.72 [0.53, 0.99]
1.2.1 < 2 years 1 55 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.59, 1.20]
1.2.2 >2 and <18 Years 2 157 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.76 [0.49, 1.18]
1.2.3 >18 Years 1 30 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.38 [0.17, 0.85]
1.3 Proportion of participants with improved or corrected strabismus: subgroup analysis: duration of follow‐up 4 242 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.72 [0.53, 0.99]
1.3.1 Six months 2 140 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.55 [0.38, 0.80]
1.3.2 More than six months 2 102 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.69, 1.14]
1.4 Proportion of participants requiring additional surgeries 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Totals not selected
1.5 Proportion of participants who achieved binocular single vision 2   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.5.1 Sensory fusion (positive response with Worths four light test) 2 102 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.63, 1.23]
1.5.2 Stereopsis (minimum of 480 seconds of arc) 2 102 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.86 [0.59, 1.25]