Table 3.

Population with a sub-optimal ratio of <4.45 healthcare professionals per 1,000 within 15, 30, and 45 min of primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare in Nairobi, during peak and off-peak traffic times.

Healthcare level	Time	Population in millions (%)
		<4.45 healthcare workers per 1,000			<4.45 healthcare workers per 1,000
		population (no buffer)			population (2.5 km buffer included)
		Peak	Off-peak	P-value	Peak	Off-peak	P-value
Primary	<15 min	0.2 (11%)	0.5 (25%)	<0.001	0.1 (9%)	0.3 (17%)	<0.001
	<30 min	1.0 (35%)	1.7 (55%)	<0.001	1.3 (33%)	1.5 (38%)	<0.001
	<45 min	2.5 (64%)	3.1 (78%)	<0.001	2.1 (53%)	2.6 (61%)	<0.001
Secondary	<15 min	0.8 (19%)	1.8 (44%)	<0.001	0.7 (17%)	1.6 (39%)	<0.001
	<30 min	2.5 (62%)	2.9 (71%)	<0.001	2.3 (58%)	2.6 (65%)	<0.001
	<45 min	4.1 (100%)	4.1 (100%)	1	3.2 (80%)	3.2 (80%)	1
Tertiary	<15 min	0	0	1	0	0	1
	<30 min	0	0	1	0	0	1
	<45 min	2.0 (49%)	2.7 (66%)	<0.001	1.4 (35%)	1.9(48%)	<0.001