Table 3.

Treatments, outcomes, and risk of bias of included observational studies

Outcome	Study	Treatment of interest	Control group	Summary of findings	NOS score (0-10)
New-onset diabetes	Barkas et al31	Ezetimibe+statin	Statin	Ezetimibe did not increase the risk of new-onset diabetes (adjusted OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.51 to 1.99). OR was adjusted for the log-transformed baseline fasting glucose levels and follow-up duration, the presence of metabolic syndrome, and family history of diabetes.	7
	Kim et al32	Simvastatin (20 mg) with ezetimibe (10 or 20 mg) complex	Simvastatin (20 and 40 mg)	Ezetimibe did not increase the risk of new-onset diabetes (adjusted OR via indirect comparison* 1.24; 95% CI 0.65 to 2.39). OR was adjusted for baseline variables, which were not reported explicitly.	7
Myalgia or muscular pain leading to discontinuation	Kłosiewicz-Latoszek et al33	Ezetimibe+statin	Statin	No case of myalgia or muscular pain leading to discontinuation was reported in each group.	6
	Rivers et al34	Phase 1: ezetimibe; phase 2: ezetimibe+colesevelam	Phase 1: colesevelam; phase 2: ezetimibe+colesevelam	No case of myalgia or muscular pain leading to discontinuation was reported in each group.	6
Discontinuation due to any gastrointestinal adverse events	Rivers et al34	Phase !: ezetimibe; phase 2: ezetimibe+colesevelam	Phase 1: colesevelam; phase 2: ezetimibe+colesevelam	No case of discontinuation due to any gastrointestinal adverse events was reported in each group.	6
Discontinuation due to any adverse events	Rivers et al34	Phase 1: ezetimibe; phase 2: ezetimibe+colesevelam	Phase 1: colesevelam; phase 2: ezetimibe+colesevelam	No case of discontinuation due to any adverse events was reported in each group.	6

CI=confidence interval; NOS=Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale; OR=odds ratio.

*The comparison was indirect because the OR and 95% CI of simvastatin and ezetimibe versus imvastatin were calculated from the ORs and 95% CIs of simvastatin versus atorvastatin and of simvastatin and ezetimibe versus atorvastatin.