Table 3.

Mediating Effect Test

Variables	Guilt					Perceived Loss of Moral Credits					Employees’ Helping Behavior
	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6	M7	M8	M9	M10	M11	M12	M13	M14	M15	M16
Gender	0.089	0.231	0.077	0.087	0.123	0.014	0.132	−0.042	0.008	−0.010	−0.061	0.026	−0.066	−0.062	0.003	0.061
Age	−0.227**	−0.266***	−0.060	−0.226**	−0.083	−0.193*	−0.226***	−0.052	−0.192**	−0.068	−0.033	−0.058	0.021	−0.020	−0.053	−0.068
Educational level	0.032	0.006	−0.017	0.035	−0.019	0.057	0.035	0.037	0.064	0.042	−0.019	−0.035*	−0.021	−0.023	−0.093*	−0.097
Length of service	0.061	0.072	−0.047	0.061	−0.036	0.125*	0.135**	0.087*	0.126*	0.093*	0.029	0.036	0.025	0.020	0.024	0.028
Weekly working hours	−0.017	−0.063	0.021	−0.017	0.003	−0.044	−0.082	−0.034	−0.044	−0.046	0.113	0.085	0.114	0.116	0.113*	0.093
Workplace ostracism		0.470***	0.859***		0.160***		0.390***			0.125**		0.289***				0.231***
Guilt								0.623***		0.588***			0.055*			−0.018
Perceived loss of Moral credits			0.859***		0.808***									0.093*		0.028
Moral identity symbolization				−0.019	−0.027				−0.049	−0.074					0.532***	0.470***
R2	0.009	0.135	0.538	0.006	0.547	0.015	0.132	0.540	0.012		0.004	0.107	0.018	0.016	0.191
ΔR2	0.270	0.153	0.548	0.027	0.560	0.032	0.151	0.550	0.033		0.022	0.126	0.039	0.037	0.208

Notes: n=284; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, two-tailed test. Gender, age, educational background, and length of service are control variables.