Searches were conducted up to August 31, 2021, in PubMed, Web of Science, and, prior to 2019, also Toxline. References were identified by technical experts or through supplemental searches, including seed references (records identified through other sources). During screening, records were prioritized using machine learning tools (DoCTER for references identified in 2015–2016 database searches and SWIFT-Active Screener for 2017–2021). Excluded records are those studies not meeting PECO criteria. Records tagged as supplemental includes potentially relevant supplemental material such as conference abstracts, reviews, and non-English studies that met PECO and studies on PECO-related topics (e.g., toxicokinetic or mechanistic studies). Some studies examined health endpoints in both humans and other mammals.