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. 2023 Mar 14;58(7):1099–1108. doi: 10.1007/s00127-023-02453-9

Table 2.

Weighted prevalence of depressive symptoms only, anxiety symptoms only, and combined depressive and anxiety symptoms across predictor variables. MI CReSS. N = 1087

No depressive or anxiety symptoms (%) Depressive symptoms only (%) Anxiety symptoms only (%) Combined depressive & anxiety symptoms (%)
Sex
 Female 69.3 6.0 10.8 13.9
 Male 79.2 7.6 4.5 8.6
Age
 18–34 71.1 3.3 13.2 12.4
 35–44 72.1 2.7 9.3 15.8
 45–54 66.9 12.0 7.4 13.7
 55–64 77.8 9.0 5.0 8.2
 65 +  85.7 6.3 2.0 6.0
Race/ethnicity
 Non-Hispanic White 74.6 4.8 7.9 12.7
 Non-Hispanic Black 72.2 7.3 9.3 11.3
 Hispanic 69.7 14.5 8.0 7.8
 Another race/ethnicity 76.4 6.4 6.1 11.1
Income
 < $35K 64.2 8.9 10.6 16.3
 $35K–$74,999 75.9 6.1 7.5 10.5
 $75K +  80.3 5.2 6.2 8.2
Any pre-existing condition (excluding psychiatric)
 Yes 70.5 8.8 6.6 14.0
 No 77.8 3.9 9.9 8.4
Prior psychiatric condition
 Yes 39.6 12.2 14.6 33.6
 No 78.0 6.0 7.2 8.8
Experienced change in access to basic needsa
 Yes 58.1 10.4 12.9 18.6
 No 79.3 5.4 6.3 9.0
Symptom severity
 Mild/asymptomatic 83.2 3.5 6.1 7.1
 Moderate 74.8 5.7 8.6 10.9
 Severe 72.9 7.9 8.1 11.2
 Very Severe 63.1 9.6 9.5 17.8
Long COVIDb
 Yes 61.0 11.2 10.4 17.5
 No 79.4 4.7 7.0 8.9

aDefined as inability to access enough food or healthy food, inability to access clean water, or inability to pay important bills (including rent and utilities)

bSelf-reported symptom length of at least 60 days