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. 2023 Mar 14;14:1421. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36745-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Map of HDX effects. Regions of various spike trimers with a significant difference in HDX compared to G614 spike are coloured along the spike sequence. In red: increased HDX; in blue: decreased HDX; in magenta: mixed effect; in light grey: no difference in HDX; in dark grey: no information; green spheres: sites of amino acid changes. Yellow rectangles frames regions reporting on a modulation of closed/open state. Orange rectangles frames regions of HDX effects in common among the various spike trimers. b HDX effects are superimposed on the structure of G614 spike with two erect RBDs (PDB: 7bno¹⁸) for alpha, beta and delta spikes, and on the structure of D614 spike in closed conformation (PDB: 6zge¹¹) for omicron spike. Regions not mapped in the structure and showing HDX effects are inserted as dashed lines in one single protomer. Sites with amino acid changes are coloured in green. In the central panel, conformational effects in common among spike variants are superimposed on the NTD subdomain.