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. 2023 Mar 10;10:413–428. doi: 10.2147/JHC.S347959

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© 2023 Ito and Nguyen.

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

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The etiology of Liver cancer diagnosed as new cases based on GLOBOCAN 2020.Reproduced from GLOBOCAN 2020. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/.¹ East Asia includes China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and Mongolia. North America includes USA and Canada. Western Europe includes Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and Netherlands.

Abbreviations: HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ALD, alcohol-related liver disease.