Table 2. Annual global and regional impact of GBS maternal vaccination compared with no vaccination for the year 2020.
| Description | Central and Southern Asia | Eastern and South-Eastern Asia | Europe and Northern America | Latin America and Caribbean | Northern Africa and Western Asia | Oceania | sub-Saharan Africa | Global^ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of women vaccinated (millions) | 22.8 | 25.5 | 11.7 | 9.51 | 7.8 | 0.546 | 21.9 | 99.8 |
| Vaccine programme costs (discounted; $ millions) | 124 (117, 136) | 470 (452, 495) | 648 (621, 687) | 173 (169, 178) | 127 (124, 131) | 24.4 (22.9, 26.6) | 107 (104, 112) | 1,680 (1,640, 1,720) |
| Acute healthcare costs (discounted; $ millions) | −7.93 (−17.4, −3.74) | −54.6 (−119, −24.9) | −155 (−352, −60.9) | −21.4 (−47.5, −10.7) | −27.8 (−56.9, −13.5) | −3.89 (−8.87, −1.57) | −14.3 (−30.5, −6.67) | −298 (−534, −155) |
| Long-term healthcare costs (discounted; $ millions) | −2.95 (−11.3, −0.581) | −19.8 (−79.2, −3.78) | −33.2 (−117, −7.02) | −8.13 (−31.1, −1.63) | −10 (−36.6, −2.08) | −0.871 (−2.97, −0.185) | −4.85 (−18.6, −1.01) | −86.5 (−252, −20.6) |
| Total incremental costs (discounted; $ millions) | 113 (96.6, 127) | 394 (286, 446) | 456 (200, 581) | 143 (99.5, 160) | 88.9 (39.5, 110) | 19.6 (13, 23.2) | 87.9 (60.6, 99.7) | 1,290 (948, 1,490) |
| EOGBS cases (thousands) | −22.8 (−43.6, −11.6) | −30.6 (−62.4, −14.5) | −3.37 (−5.94, −1.57) | −8.91 (−16.8, −4.72) | −17.9 (−36, −8.6) | −0.421 (−0.86, −0.207) | −42.3 (−86.4, −20.1) | −127 (−248, −63.3) |
| LOGBS cases (thousands) | −11.3 (−33.1, −2.94) | −15.2 (−45.7, −3.86) | −1.99 (−4.2, −0.84) | −5.9 (−20.4, −1.94) | −12.9 (−33, −5.24) | −0.275 (−1.39, −0.0888) | −36.4 (−101, −14) | −87.3 (−209, −38.1) |
| Moderate & severe NDI cases (thousands) | −2.91 (−8.52, −0.933) | −3.86 (−11.8, −1.21) | −0.257 (−0.572, −0.0975) | −1.31 (−3.99, −0.42) | −2.63 (−7.58, −0.9) | −0.0541 (−0.223, −0.0182) | −6.66 (−19.4, −2.2) | −17.9 (−49.9, −6.38) |
| GBS deaths (thousands) | −4.22 (−9.6, −1.78) | −5.58 (−13.4, −2.32) | −0.335 (−0.668, −0.148) | −1.95 (−4.7, −0.804) | −4.76 (−10.8, −2.06) | −0.0836 (−0.336, −0.0242) | −13.6 (−32.2, −5.65) | −31.1 (−66.4, −14.4) |
| GBS stillbirths (thousands) | −6.59 (−23, −1.63) | −3.13 (−10.9, −0.794) | −0.586 (−1.48, −0.206) | −1.34 (−8.35, −0.222) | −1.33 (−3.12, −0.591) | −0.0646 (−0.336, −0.0174) | −9.31 (−18.5, −4.12) | −23 (−56.4, −10) |
| GBS associated preterm births* (thousands) | −34.7 (−78.5, −2.33) | −28.7 (−66.1, −2.05) | −33.2 (−72, −2.4) | −18.5 (−40.9, −1.37) | −23.8 (−52.4, −1.81) | −1.45 (−3.27, −0.103) | −44.4 (−97.4, −3.23) | −185 (−407, −13.5) |
| QALYs from averted GBS disease (discounted; thousands) | 150 (66.3, 339) | 203 (86.9, 485) | 12.5 (5.64, 24.8) | 70.2 (30.7, 168) | 164 (73, 371) | 2.96 (1.01, 10.6) | 431 (186, 1,010) | 1,060 (486, 2,270) |
| QALYs from averted stillbirths (discounted; thousands) | 180 (43.7, 627) | 87.2 (21.7, 301) | 16.5 (5.77, 41.3) | 37.3 (6.18, 233) | 36.9 (16.3, 85.9) | 1.75 (0.474, 9.06) | 243 (108, 486) | 622 (271, 1,550) |
| QALYs from averted preterm births* (discounted; thousands) | 63.6 (5.01, 162) | 53.8 (4.24, 143) | 62.4 (4.99, 160) | 34.6 (2.77, 88.8) | 44.2 (3.58, 113) | 2.77 (0.213, 7.23) | 77.4 (6.26, 198) | 338 (27.6, 857) |
| QALYs from averted GBS disease (undiscounted; thousands) | 358 (158, 807) | 513 (220, 1,220) | 32.7 (14.6, 64.6) | 177 (77, 422) | 408 (181, 923) | 6.94 (2.46, 24.5) | 947 (407, 2,230) | 2,490 (1,160, 5,370) |
| QALYs from averted stillbirths (undiscounted; thousands) | 429 (104, 1,490) | 218 (54.4, 752) | 42.7 (15, 107) | 94.1 (15.6, 586) | 91.4 (40.4, 213) | 4.19 (1.17, 20.9) | 532 (237, 1,060) | 1,460 (630, 3,670) |
| QALYs from averted preterm births* (undiscounted; thousands) | 152 (12, 387) | 135 (10.7, 359) | 163 (13, 417) | 87.8 (7.03, 225) | 110 (8.91, 282) | 7.3 (0.56, 19) | 171 (13.8, 436) | 825 (67.4, 2,090) |
All values are reported to 3 significant figures. Values in brackets are 95% URs.
EOGBS, early-onset GBS; GBS, Group B Streptococcus; LOGBS, late-onset GBS; NDI, neurodevelopmental impairment; QALY, quality-adjusted life year; UR, uncertainty range; VE, vaccine efficacy.
*In scenario analysis where vaccine is assumed to have 80% VE against GBS-associated prematurity.
^Global median values do not exactly equal the sum of the regional median values.