TABLE 2.
Within‐ and between‐group differences in functional connectivity of the PCC during neurofeedback training runs
| MNI coordinate | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comparison | Contrast | PCC seed | Brain region | H | k | x | y | z | t‐Stat. | z‐Score | p‐FWE peak |
| Whole‐brain | |||||||||||
| Within‐group | |||||||||||
| Healthy controls | View > Reg | Left | ns | ||||||||
| View > Reg | Right | ns | |||||||||
| Reg > View | Left | Precuneus/cuneus | 3241 | 4 | −82 | 20 | 6.57 | 6.17 | <.001 | ||
| Reg > View | Right | Precuneus/cuneus | 2877 | 4 | −82 | 18 | 6.32 | 5.96 | <.001 | ||
| PTSD | View > Reg | Left | ns | ||||||||
| View > Reg | Right | ns | |||||||||
| Reg > View | Left | Parietal/central operculum | L | 227 | −52 | −26 | 16 | 5.94 | 5.64 | .001 | |
| Precuneus/cuneus | 2862 | −10 | −72 | 12 | 5.84 | 5.56 | .002 | ||||
| Reg > View | Right | Precuneus/cuneus | 3442 | 10 | −58 | 10 | 5.93 | 5.63 | .001 | ||
| Parietal/central operculum | L | 435 | −52 | −26 | 16 | 5.29 | 5.07 | .019 | |||
| Between‐group | |||||||||||
| PTSD > Healthy controls | View > Reg | Left | ns | ||||||||
| View > Reg | Right | ns | |||||||||
| Reg > View | Left | ns | |||||||||
| Reg > View | Right | ns | |||||||||
| ROIs | |||||||||||
| Within‐group | |||||||||||
| Healthy controls | View > Reg | Left | ns | ||||||||
| View > Reg | Right | ns | |||||||||
| Reg > View | Left | ns | |||||||||
| Reg > View | Right | ns | |||||||||
| PTSD | View > Reg | Left | ns | ||||||||
| View > Reg | Right | ns | |||||||||
| Reg > View | Left | dmPFC | 20 | 4 | 38 | 38 | 3.99 | 3.89 | .040 | ||
| Posterior insula | L | 25 | −38 | −12 | 4 | 3.97 | 3.87 | .043 | |||
| Reg > View | Right | vmPFC | 42 | 0 | 38 | −4 | 4.53 | 4.39 | .006 | ||
| Posterior insula | L | 18 | −38 | −12 | 4 | 3.97 | 3.87 | .042 | |||
| Between‐group | |||||||||||
| PTSD > Healthy controls | View > Reg | Left | ns | ||||||||
| View > Reg | Right | ns | |||||||||
| Reg > View | Left | ns | |||||||||
| Reg > View | Right | Amygdala | R | 23 | 16 | −6 | −14 | 4.05 | 3.94 | .033 | |
Note: Within‐ and between‐group differences in functional connectivity of the PCC (left and right seeds) during the neurofeedback training runs. Reported results for whole‐brain and ROI analyses are at a significance threshold of p‐FWE peak‐level < .05, k = 10. The comparison column lists each group comparison, and the contrast column indicates the direction in which the regulate and view conditions are being contrasted (i.e., view > regulate or regulate > view). The brain region, hemisphere of the region (H), cluster size (k), MNI coordinates (x, y, z), t‐statistic (t‐stat.), z‐Score, and significance (p‐FWE peak) of each significant peak result are included as columns. PCC = posterior cingulate cortex, FWE = family‐wise error, PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder, Reg = regulate, ns = nonsignificant, L = left, R = right, dmPFC = dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, vmPFC = ventromedial prefrontal cortex.