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. 2023 Mar 15;133(6):e166032. doi: 10.1172/JCI166032

Figure 5. Longitudinal T cell responses in patients receiving mAb therapy.

Figure 5

Evolution of IFN-γ and CD154 expression in SARS-CoV-2 S– and Nucleocapsid–stimulated CD4+ T cells in patients was studied over 28 days after receiving bamlanivimab/etesevimab, casirivimab/imdevimab, or sotrovimab. (A) Patients receiving sotrovimab therapy show a consistent significant increase in T cell expression during the first 28 days after mAb administration. For the utilized gating strategy, refer to Supplemental Figure 8. (B) Patients with de novo mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD region show an increased T cell expression compared with those without. Linear mixed models were utilized to investigate evolution of Th cell immunity over time between the different mAb groups. Regression curves represent smoothed conditional means and shaded areas display 95% CIs for all measured time points, with asterisks on lines representing the significance of the slopes. Vertical lines with asterisks represent the significance of pairwise comparisons between patients with or without de novo mutations before mAb treatment (D0) and after 28 days of treatment (D28). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.