Table 3.
Content of seven major terpenoids in essential oils from immature and mature leaves of B. balsamifera with different hydrodistillation periods.
| Treatment | (g thiophene1/100 g FW) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maturity | Time | Camphor | L-borneol | Silphiperfol-5-ene | 7-Epi-silphiperfol-5-ene | ß-caryophyllene | ɤ-eudesmol | α-Eudesmol |
| Immature | 24.55 ± 43.61a | 5.73 ± 10.74a | 1.31 ± 1.88b | 2.67 ± 1.88a | 5.70 ± 9.04a | 2.60 ± 0.80a | 1.68 ± 1.28a | |
| Mature | 22.86 ± 39.75a | 4.00 ± 6.93a | 1.46 ± 1.94a | 2.88 ± 1.94a | 4.56 ± 6.72b | 2.03 ± 0.54b | 1.35 ± 0.95b | |
| F test (maturity) | ns | ns | ∗ | ns | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗ | |
| 0–6 hrs | 92.31 ± 11.38a | 18.93 ± 6.82a | 4.52 ± 0.29a | 9.11 ± 0.51a | 18.10 ± 3.13a | 3.00 ± 0.47a | 3.31 ± 0.58a | |
| 6–12 hrs | 2.18 ± 0.57b | 0.46 ± 0.15b | 0.64 ± 0.18b | 1.27 ± 0.33b | 1.74 ± 0.31b | 2.59 ± 0.34b | 0.94 ± 0.09b | |
| 12–18 hrs | 0.26 ± 0.11b | 0.06 ± 0.02b | 0.25 ± 0.05c | 0.47 ± 0.10c | 0.48 ± 0.10c | 2.16 ± 0.74bc | 1.08 ± 0.37b | |
| 18–24 hrs | 0.07 ± 0.04b | 0.01 ± 0.01b | 0.13 ± 0.04c | 0.25 ± 0.07c | 0.20 ± 0.06c | 1.51 ± 0.29c | 0.73 ± 0.13b | |
| F test (time) | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | |
| (Maturity × time) | ns | ns | ns | ns | ∗∗ | ns | ns | |
| Immature | 0–6 hrs | 95.98 ± 15.96a | 22.40 ± 8.88a | 4.41 ± 0.31a | 9.00 ± 0.64a | 20.58 ± 2.22a | 3.39 ± 0.28a | 3.71 ± 0.56a |
| 6–12 hrs | 1.97 ± 0.58b | 0.47 ± 0.20c | 0.51 ± 0.03bc | 1.04 ± 0.07bc | 1.60 ± 0.17cd | 2.88 ± 0.17ab | 0.99 ± 0.04cd | |
| 12–18 hrs | 0.22 ± 0.14b | 0.06 ± 0.03c | 0.23 ± 0.04d | 0.43 ± 0.08d | 0.47 ± 0.12cd | 2.50 ± 0.93abc | 1.23 ± 0.47c | |
| 18–24 hrs | 0.04 ± 0.03b | 0.01 ± 0.00c | 0.11 ± 0.02d | 0.20 ± 0.04d | 0.16 ± 0.05d | 1.65 ± 0.32cd | 0.78 ± 0.15cd | |
| Mature | 0–6 hrs | 88.64 ± 5.34a | 15.46 ± 1.19b | 4.64 ± 0.25a | 9.21 ± 0.44a | 15.62 ± 1.02b | 2.61 ± 0.17abc | 2.90 ± 0.15b |
| 6–12 hrs | 2.40 ± 0.59b | 0.45 ± 0.11c | 0.77 ± 0.17b | 1.50 ± 0.34b | 1.87 ± 0.39c | 2.29 ± 0.11cd | 0.90 ± 0.11cd | |
| 12–18 hrs | 0.30 ± 0.08b | 0.06 ± 0.01c | 0.27 ± 0.06cd | 0.52 ± 0.10cd | 0.50 ± 0.11cd | 1.83 ± 0.43bcd | 0.94 ± 0.23cd | |
| 18–24 hrs | 0.09 ± 0.04b | 0.02 ± 0.01c | 0.16 ± 0.03d | 0.29 ± 0.06d | 0.23 ± 0.05cd | 1.36 ± 0.23d | 0.67 ± 0.14d | |
| F-test | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | ∗∗ | |
| C.V. (%) | 25.13 | 65.12 | 11.36 | 11.04 | 17.11 | 24.99 | 18.93 | |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3) (1calculated by comparing to thiophene). Values in the same column followed by different letters indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 according to Duncan's multiple range test; ns: not significant, ∗: significant at p < 0.05, and ∗∗: significant at p < 0.01 level.