Table 2.

Important Mediators of GRh2-Induced Anticancer Effects

Key molecule(s)	Activity alteration in response to GRh2	Pharmacological effects associated	References
Annexin A2	DOWN	Apoptosis	[37]
Akt	DOWN	Apoptosis, Anti-proliferation	[31,45,49,59,72]
Atg5/7	UP	Autophagy	[44,45,50,75]
Bax	UP	Apoptosis	[24,[31], [32], [33],35,36,45,46,52]
Bak	UP	Apoptosis	[32]
Bad	UP	Apoptosis	[31,36]
β-catenin	DOWN	Anti-proliferation	[53,73,75]
Bcl-2	DOWN	Apoptosis	[24,30,32,33,35,36,45,46,52]
Bcl-xL	DOWN	Apoptosis	[32,36]
Beclin-1	UP	Autophagy	[45,50]
Bim	UP	Apoptosis	[31,32]
Caspases	UP	Apoptosis	[[23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33],39]
CDKs	DOWN	Anti-proliferation	[26,27,43,52,54,56]
Cyclins	DOWN	Anti-proliferation	[26,27,45,[52], [53], [54],56]
E-cadherin	UP	Anti-metastasis and invasion	[50,73]
E2F	DOWN	Anti-proliferation	[26,54,61]
EGFR	DOWN	Anti-proliferation	[58,59,64]
ERK	DOWN	Anti-proliferation	[26,60]
Fas/FasL	UP	Apoptosis	[23,39]
HATs	UP	Anti-proliferation	[52]
HDACs	DOWN	Anti-proliferation	[52,70]
LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ	UP	Autophagy	[75]
mTOR	DOWN	Anti-proliferation	[45,49,59]
MMPs	DOWN	Anti-metastasis and invasion	[53,[70], [71], [72]]
PI3K	DOWN	Anti-proliferation, Anti-metastasis and invasion	[45,49,72]
PKCs	UP	Apoptosis	[29]
Rb	DOWN	Anti-proliferation	[27,54]
Snail	DOWN	Anti-metastasis and invasion	[50]
STAT3	DOWN	Anti-proliferation	[71]
TGF-β	DOWN	Anti-metastasis and invasion	[50]
TRAIL/DR4(5)	UP	Apoptosis	[23,27]
VEGF	DOWN	Anti-angiogenesis	[[67], [68], [69]]
Vimentin	DOWN	Anti-metastasis and invasion	[50,73]
Wnt	DOWN	Anti-proliferation	[53,73]