ELMOD3 is required for notochord lumen formation. (a) The expression of Ciona-ELMOD3 DN mutants prevented notochord lumen formation. The asterisk represents defects on notochord lumen expansion. The ratios of embryos to phenotypes are labelled. The schematic images on the right side of the confocal images described the phenotypes of the Ciona-ELMOD3 DN mutants and control. (b) Confocal images of Ciona-ELMOD3 CRISPR mosaic embryos and control ones at the late tailbud stage. The asterisk represents defects on notochord lumen expansion. The ratio of embryos with phenotypes was labelled. The schematic images on the right side of the confocal images described the phenotypes of the Ciona-ELMOD3 knockdown/out and control. The light grey, grey, blue and red areas represented the notochord cells, the nuclei, lumen and the nuclei in cells expressed Bra > NLS:Cas9:NLS:P2A:mCherry (red), respectively. The scale bar represents 10 µm.