Figure 4.

Differences in immune cell phenotype in the kidney tissue between AKI-ICI, AKI-other and healthy control patients. Box and whisker plots of immune cell subtypes (colocalization as described in methods section) in AKI-ICI vs. AKI-other and control groups of (a) CD4 memory T cells, (b) CD4 naïve T cells, (c) CD8 memory T cells, (d) CD8 naïve T cells, (e) T helper cells, (f) Cytotoxic T cells, (g) T reg cells, (h) B cells, (i) Dendritic cells, (j) Macrophage cells, (k) NK cells. The boxes extend from the 25th percentile to the 75th percentile and are bisected by the median; the whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum value. P-values derived from the Kruskal-Wallis test. For post hoc tests, Dunn’s multiple comparison test was used, with P-values adjusted with the Holm method. AKI, acute kidney injury; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitors. (l) Representative images of immune cells subsets of CD4 memory, T helper and dendritic cells in the spatial context of the renal cortex biopsy: CD4 Memory T cells: Cell classifications show CD4 single positive (green), CD45RO single positive (red), and CD3 single positive (blue) cells. Double and triple positive cells are colored according to the additive color mixing model shown above. T Helper Cells: Cell classifications show CD4 single positive (green), CD3 single positive (blue), and CD3/CD4 double positive helper cells (cyan). Dendritic Cells: Cell classifications show CD11c single positive (green), HLA-DR single positive (red), and CD11c/HLA-DR double positive dendritic cells (yellow). HLA-DR expression is predominantly along the renal tubular epithelial cells in the renal cortex. AKI, acute kidney injury; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immune cells are defined as per markers listed in Supplementary Table S5 for each cell phenotype. Cell percentages listed are as a percentage of all cells detected. ∗ = P < 0.05. AKI-ICI vs. control. AKI, acute kidney injury; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitors.