Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the cohort (N = 15,176)
| Characteristic | BK negative (n = 14,716)a | BK positive (n = 460)a | P-value b |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 9217 (62.6%) | 340 (73.9%) | <0.001 |
| Age at transplant, yr | 47.5 ±15.3 | 50.1 ±15.0 | <0.001 |
| Age category | <0.001 | ||
| <20 | 787 (5.3%) | 17 (3.7%) | |
| 20–29 | 1170 (8.0%) | 34 (7.4%) | |
| 30–39 | 2148 (14.6%) | 58 (12.6%) | |
| 40–49 | 3174 (21.6%) | 75 (16.3%) | |
| 50–59 | 3883 (26.4%) | 131 (28.5%) | |
| 60–69 | 3058 (20.8%) | 119 (25.9%) | |
| ≥70 | 496 (3.4%) | 26 (5.7%) | |
| BMI category | 0.6 | ||
| Underweight | 1022 (7.2%) | 28 (6.2%) | |
| Healthy | 5295 (37.3%) | 181 (40.2%) | |
| Overweight | 4576 (32.3%) | 137 (30.4%) | |
| Obese | 3290 (23.2%) | 104 (23.1%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.088 | ||
| Caucasian | 10,359 (75.3%) | 317 (72.0%) | |
| Asian | 1708 (12.4%) | 69 (15.7%) | |
| Pacific Islander | 479 (3.5%) | 18 (4.1%) | |
| Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander | 465 (3.4%) | 12 (2.7%) | |
| Māori | 380 (2.8%) | 7 (1.6%) | |
| Other | 368 (2.7%) | 17 (3.9%) | |
| Primary disease | 0.5 | ||
| Glomerulonephritis | 5812 (39.5%) | 195 (42.4%) | |
| Diabetes | 2247 (15.3%) | 74 (16.1%) | |
| Cystic | 2103 (14.3%) | 66 (14.3%) | |
| Hypertension or vascular disease | 955 (6.5%) | 26 (5.7%) | |
| Other | 3599 (24.5%) | 99 (21.5%) | |
| Graft number | 0.5 | ||
| 1 | 12,978 (88.2%) | 414 (90.0%) | |
| 2 | 1481 (10.1%) | 37 (8.0%) | |
| 3 | 220 (1.5%) | 8 (1.7%) | |
| 4 | 33 (0.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| 5 | 4 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Multiorgan transplantation | 706 (4.8%) | 15 (3.3%) | 0.13 |
| Diabetic | 0.094 | ||
| No | 11,701 (79.5%) | 366 (79.6%) | |
| Type 1 | 890 (6.0%) | 18 (3.9%) | |
| Type 2 | 2125 (14.4%) | 76 (16.5%) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.026 | ||
| No | 13,130 (89.6%) | 397 (86.3%) | |
| Suspected | 294 (2.0%) | 8 (1.7%) | |
| Yes | 1233 (8.4%) | 55 (12.0%) | |
| Chronic lung disease | 0.4 | ||
| No | 13,878 (94.7%) | 441 (95.9%) | |
| Suspected | 204 (1.4%) | 3 (0.7%) | |
| Yes | 578 (3.9%) | 16 (3.5%) | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0.079 | ||
| No | 13,784 (94.0%) | 421 (91.5%) | |
| Suspected | 290 (2.0%) | 14 (3.0%) | |
| Yes | 587 (4.0%) | 25 (5.4%) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.074 | ||
| No | 14,170 (96.6%) | 436 (94.8%) | |
| Suspected | 82 (0.6%) | 4 (0.9%) | |
| Yes | 411 (2.8%) | 20 (4.3%) | |
| Male donor | 7,582 (51.5%) | 229 (49.8%) | 0.5 |
| Donor age, y | 46.3 ±15.6 | 49.8 ±15.5 | <0.001 |
| Donor age category | <0.001 | ||
| <20 | 965 (6.6%) | 20 (4.3%) | |
| 20–29 | 1502 (10.2%) | 42 (9.1%) | |
| 30–39 | 2008 (13.6%) | 41 (8.9%) | |
| 40–49 | 3291 (22.4%) | 92 (20.0%) | |
| 50–59 | 3711 (25.2%) | 131 (28.5%) | |
| 60–69 | 2682 (18.2%) | 94 (20.4%) | |
| ≥70 | 557 (3.8%) | 40 (8.7%) | |
| Donor Ethnicity | 0.3 | ||
| Caucasian | 12,867 (88.6%) | 395 (86.2%) | |
| Asian | 798 (5.5%) | 29 (6.3%) | |
| Pacific Islander | 135 (0.9%) | 4 (0.9%) | |
| Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander | 254 (1.7%) | 10 (2.2%) | |
| Māori | 249 (1.7%) | 7 (1.5%) | |
| Other | 225 (1.5%) | 13 (2.8%) | |
| Donor source | 0.3 | ||
| Deceased | 9838 (66.9%) | 315 (68.5%) | |
| Living | 4788 (32.5%) | 140 (30.4%) | |
| Pathologic | 90 (0.6%) | 5 (1.1%) | |
| HLA mismatches | 0.039 | ||
| 0–2 | 4697 (32.4%) | 121 (26.9%) | |
| 3–4 | 5008 (34.6%) | 163 (36.2%) | |
| 5–6 | 4778 (33.0%) | 166 (36.9%) | |
| T-cell depletion at induction | 755 (5.1%) | 28 (6.1%) | 0.4 |
| mTOR Use Initially | 192 (1.3%) | 6 (1.3%) | >0.9 |
| Initial calcineurin inhibitor | 0.4 | ||
| Tacrolimus | 11,728 (80.3%) | 376 (81.7%) | |
| Ciclosporin | 2578 (17.7%) | 72 (15.7%) | |
| Neither | 292 (2.0%) | 12 (2.6%) | |
| Initial antimetabolite | 0.8 | ||
| Mycophenolate | 14,268 (97.7%) | 450 (97.8%) | |
| Azathioprine | 96 (0.7%) | 2 (0.4%) | |
| Neither | 234 (1.6%) | 8 (1.7%) | |
| Transplant center volume (terciles) | 0.003 | ||
| Low | 5131 (34.9%) | 184 (40.0%) | |
| Medium | 5727 (38.9%) | 187 (40.7%) | |
| High | 3858 (26.2%) | 89 (19.3%) |
a
n (%); Mean ±SD.
b
Chi-square test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher exact test.