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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2022 Sep 15;124(5):1053–1078. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000440

Table 8.

Indirect Effect of Condition on Judgment of Pleasant Activities via Positive and Negative Affect (Study 4)

Gratitude vs. Rumination Distraction vs. Rumination Gratitude vs. Distraction
Effect (SE) 95% CI Effect (SE) 95% CI Effect (SE) 95% CI
Enjoyment of Pleasant Activities
 Positive Affect
  a 0.52 (0.14)*** [0.25, 0.80] 0.07 (0.14) [−0.20, 0.34] 0.45 (0.14)** [0.18, 0.72]
  b 0.09 (0.02)*** [0.04, 0.14] 0.09 (0.02)*** [0.04, 0.14] 0.09 (0.02)*** [0.04, 0.14]
  Indirect Effect (ab) 0.05 (0.02) [0.02, 0.09] 0.01 (0.01) [−0.02, 0.03] 0.04 (0.02) [0.01, 0.08]
 Negative Affect
  a −0.38 (0.08)*** [−0.55, −0.22] −0.23 (0.08)** [−0.40, −0.07] −0.15 (0.08) [−0.32, 0.02]
  b −0.04 (0.04) [−0.12, 0.04] −0.04 (0.04) [−0.12, 0.04] −0.04 (0.04) [−0.12, 0.04]
  Indirect Effect (ab) 0.02 (0.02) [−0.02, 0.05] 0.01 (0.01) [−0.02, 0.03] 0.01 (0.01) [−0.01, 0.03]
 Direct Effect (c’) −0.07 (0.06) [−0.19, 0.05] −0.05 (0.06) [−0.17, 0.06] −0.02 (0.06) [−0.14, 0.09]
Likelihood of Engagement in Pleasant Activities
 Positive Affect
  a 0.52 (0.14)*** [0.25, 0.80] 0.07 (0.14) [−0.20, 0.34] 0.45 (0.14)** [0.18, 0.72]
  b 0.08 (0.03)** [0.02, 0.14] 0.08 (0.03)** [0.02, 0.14] 0.08 (0.03)** [0.02, 0.14]
  Indirect Effect (ab) 0.04 (0.02) [0.01, 0.09] 0.01 (0.01) [−0.02, 0.03] 0.04 (0.02) [0.01, 0.08]
 Negative Affect
  a −0.38 (0.08)*** [−0.55, −0.22] −0.23 (0.08)** [−0.40, −0.07] −0.15 (0.08) [−0.32, 0.02]
  b −0.003 (0.05) [−0.10, 0.09] −0.003 (0.05) [−0.10, 0.09] −0.003 (0.05) [−0.10, 0.09]
  Indirect Effect (ab) 0.001 (0.02) [−0.04, 0.05] 0.001 (0.01) [−0.03, 0.03] 0.001 (0.01) [−0.02, 0.02]
 Direct Effect (c’) −0.005 (0.07) [−0.15, 0.14] −0.02 (0.07) [−0.16, 0.11] 0.02 (0.07) [−0.12, 0.16]

Note. See note in Table 4 for coding scheme. For indirect effects analyses, confidence intervals are considered significant if they do not include zero and are designated in bold.