Table 7.
Indirect Effect of Condition on Means Ends Problem Solving Task via Positive and Negative Affect (Study 2)
| Gratitude vs. Rumination | Distraction vs. Rumination | Gratitude vs. Distraction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect (SE) | 95% CI | Effect (SE) | 95% CI | Effect (SE) | 95% CI | |
| Overall Effectiveness on Story 1 | ||||||
| Positive Affect | ||||||
| a | 0.57 (0.15)*** | [0.28, 0.86] | −0.06 (0.15) | [−0.35, 0.23] | 0.63 (0.15)*** | [0.33, 0.92] |
| b | −0.06 (0.10) | [−0.13, 0.25] | −0.06 (0.10) | [−0.13, 0.25] | −0.06 (0.10) | [−0.13, 0.25] |
| Indirect Effect (ab) | 0.03 (0.06) | [−0.09, 0.16] | −0.003 (0.02) | [−0.04, 0.03] | 0.04 (0.07) | [−0.10, 0.16] |
| Negative Affect | ||||||
| a | −0.29 (0.11)** | [−0.50, −0.08] | −0.24 (0.11)* | [−0.44, −0.03] | −0.05 (0.11) | [−0.26, 0.16] |
| b | 0.18 (0.14) | [−0.09, 0.44] | 0.18 (0.14) | [−0.09, 0.44] | 0.18 (0.14) | [−0.09, 0.44] |
| Indirect Effect (ab) | −0.05 (0.04) | [−0.15, 0.03] | −0.04 (0.04) | [−0.13, 0.02] | −0.01 (0.02) | [−0.06, 0.03] |
| Direct Effect (c’) | −0.44 (0.23)† | [−0.90, 0.02] | −0.24 (0.23) | [−0.69, 0.20] | −0.19 (0.24) | [−0.66, 0.27] |
| Overall Effectiveness on Story 2 | ||||||
| Positive Affect | ||||||
| a | 0.57 (0.15)*** | [0.28, 0.86] | −0.06 (0.15) | [−0.35, 0.23] | 0.63 (0.15)*** | [0.33, 0.92] |
| b | 0.18 (0.10)† | [−0.02, 0.39] | 0.18 (0.10)† | [−0.02, 0.39] | 0.18 (0.10)† | [−0.02, 0.39] |
| Indirect Effect (ab) | 0.10 (0.06) | [−0.01, 0.24] | −0.01 (0.03) | [−0.08, 0.05] | 0.12 (0.07) | [−0.01, 0.27] |
| Negative Affect | ||||||
| a | −0.29 (0.11)** | [−0.50, −0.08] | −0.24 (0.11)* | [−0.44, −0.03] | −0.05 (0.11) | [−0.26, 0.16] |
| b | −0.04 (0.14) | [−0.32, 0.25] | −0.04 (0.14) | [−0.32, 0.25] | −0.04 (0.14) | [−0.32, 0.25] |
| Indirect Effect (ab) | 0.01 (0.04) | [−0.08, 0.11] | 0.01 (0.04) | [−0.07, 0.09] | 0.002 (0.02) | [−0.03, 0.04] |
| Direct Effect (c’) | −0.19 (0.24) | [−0.68, 0.30] | 0.10 (0.24) | [−0.38, 0.57] | −0.29 (0.25) | [−0.78, 0.20] |
| Percentage Effectiveness Across Four Stories | ||||||
| Positive Affect | ||||||
| a | 0.53 (0.15)*** | [0.24, 0.83] | −0.10 (0.15) | [−0.40, 0.19] | 0.63 (0.15)*** | [0.34, 0.93] |
| b | −0.01 (0.01) | [−0.03, 0.01] | −0.01 (0.01) | [−0.03, 0.01] | −0.01 (0.01) | [−0.03, 0.01] |
| Indirect Effect (ab) | −0.004 (0.01) | [−0.02, 0.01] | 0.001 (0.002) | [−0.003, 0.01] | −0.004 (0.01) | [−0.02, 0.01] |
| Negative Affect | ||||||
| a | −0.27 (0.11)* | [−0.48, −0.06] | −0.21 (0.11)* | [−0.42, −0.004] | −0.05 (0.11) | [−0.26, 0.16] |
| b | −0.01 (0.02) | [−0.03, 0.02] | −0.01 (0.02) | [−0.03, 0.02] | −0.01 (0.02) | [−0.03, 0.02] |
| Indirect Effect (ab) | 0.001 (0.004) | [−0.01, 0.01] | 0.001 (0.003) | [−0.01, 0.01] | 0.0003 (0.002) | [−0.003, 0.004] |
| Direct Effect (c’) | −0.04 (0.03)† | [−0.09, 0.01] | −0.03 (0.03) | [−0.08, 0.02] | −0.01 (0.03) | [−0.07, 0.04] |
Note. See note in Table 4 for coding scheme. For indirect effects analyses, confidence intervals are considered significant if they do not include zero and are designated in bold.