Table 1.
Study characteristics.
| Study | Study type | Follow-up duration (months) | Induction drug | Maintenance drug | Maintenance duration (months) | Patients (N) | Age at baseline (years) | Creatinine concentration | Renal disease (N) | Lung disease (N) | TMP/SMX (N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Terrier et al. (50) MAINRITSAN |
RCT | 60 | CYC | RTX | 14 | 57 | 54 ± 13 (mean, SD) | 118.2 ± 73.1 μmol/l (mean, SD) | 40 | 9 | NA |
| Terrier et al. (50) MAINRITSAN |
RCT | 60 | CYC | AZA | 18 | 58 | 56 ± 14 (mean, SD) | 129.6 ± 70.3 μmol/l (mean, SD) | 41 | 11 | NA |
| Charles et al. (33) MAINRITSAN2 |
RCT | 28 | CYC/RTX/MTX | RTX | 18 | 81 | 62 ± 14 (mean, SD) | NA | 60 | 50 | 81 |
| Charles et al. (33) MAINRITSAN2 |
RCT | 28 | CYC/RTX | RTX | 18 | 81 | 59 ± 13 (mean, SD) | NA | 56 | 44 | 81 |
| Hiemstra et al. (7) IMPROVE |
RCT | 48 | CYC | AZA | 42 | 80 | 55.1 ± 15.2 (mean, SD) | 2.9 mg/dl (1.1–3.5) (median, IQR) | NA | NA | NA |
| Tuin et al. (32) | RCT | 48 | CYC | AZA | 18 | 43 | 60 ± 11 (mean, SD) | 1.1 mg/dl (0.9–1.8) (median, IQR) | 32 | 24 | 43 |
| Tuin et al. (32) | RCT | 48 | MMF | AZA | 18 | 41 | 60 ± 13 (mean, SD) | 1.3 mg/dl (1–1.7) (median, IQR) | 31 | 18 | 41 |
| Specks et al. (49) | RCT | 18 | CYC | AZA | 15 | 98 | 51.5 ± 14.1 (mean, SD) | NA | 66 | 53 | 98 |
| RAVE | |||||||||||
| Pagnoux et al. (30) WEGENT |
RCT | NA | CYC | MTX | 12 | 63 | 59.8 ± 11.9 (mean, SD) | 1.4 ± 0.61 mg/dl (mean, SD) | 48 | 41 | NA |
| Pagnoux et al. (30) WEGENT |
RCT | NA | CYC | AZA | 12 | 63 | 56.3 ± 13.8 (mean, SD) | 1.52 ± 1.15 mg/dl (mean, SD) | 47 | 52 | NA |
| Metzler et al. (34) | RCT | 24 | CYC | MTX | 18 | 28 | 54 (25–67) (median, range) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Azar et al. (45) | Retrospective | 23 | RTX | MTX | 23 | 11 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Azar et al. (45) | Retrospective | 23 | RTX | AZA | 23 | 29 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Azar et al. (45) | Retrospective | 23 | RTX | MMF | 23 | 7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Besada et al. (44) | Retrospective | 47 | RTX | RTX | 47 | 35 | 50 (14–79) (median, range) | NA | 21 | 22 | NA |
| Carranza-Enríquez et al. (43) | Retrospective | 19 | NA | RTX | 19 | 24 | 49 (33–64) (median, IQR) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Charles et al. (42) | Retrospective | 18 | NA | RTX | 18 | 50 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Gayatri et al. (40) | Prospective | 24 | RTX | RTX | 24 | 21 | 51 (34–58) (median, IQR) | NA | 3 | 10 | NA |
| Kazderova et al. (39) | Retrospective | 12 | NA | MMF | 12 | 15 | NA | NA | 15 | NA | NA |
| Pendergraft III et al. (38) | Retrospective | 25.2 | NA | RTX | 25.2 | 172 | 60 ± 16 (mean, SD) | 1.3 mg/dl (1–2.1) (median, IQR) | 106 | 75 | NA |
| Roubaud-Baudron et al. (36) | Retrospective | 38 | NA | RTX | 38 | 28 | 50.5 (19–78) (median, IQR) | NA | 9 | 18 | NA |
| Thomas et al. (47) | Retrospective | 64.8 | NA | RTX | 64.8 | 43 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Ayan et al. (46) | Retrospective | 24 | RTX | RTX | 13 | 25 | 44 (30–54) (median, IQR) | NA | 14 | 16 | 13 |
| de Groo et al. (41) | Retrospective | 18 | NA | MTX | 18 | 33 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 |
| Reinhold-Keller et al. (37) | Prospective | 24 | CYC | MTX | 19 | 71 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Silva et al. (35) | Prospective | 18 | MMF | MMF | 12 | 13 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 13 |
| Langford et al. (48) | Prospective | 18 | CYC | MMF | 12 | 14 | 49 (37–61) (median, IQR) | NA | 6 | 8 | 14 |
AZA, azathioprine; CYC, cyclophosphamide; IQR, interquartile range; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MTX, methotrexate; N, number of patients; NA, not available; RCT, randomized clinical trial; RTX, rituximab; SD, standard deviation; TMP/SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.