Fig. 15.

a Schematic showing the preparation of Ti₃C₂Cl_x MXene. b Cross-sectional SEM image of all-inorganic PSCs. c Pb 4f XPS spectra of CsPbBr₃ perovskite film. d Schematic of released strain in the CsPbBr₃ grains with Ti₃C₂Cl_x MXene. e Long-term stability of the devices in air under 80% relative humidity and 25 °C. Reproduced with permission from [159] Copyright 2021, The Authors, published by Wiley–VCH. f Schematic demonstrating the preparation of Ti₃C₂Cl_x QDs. g SEM images of pristine and Ti₃C₂Cl_x QDs-modified perovskite films. h Schematic illustration of the perovskite-Ti₃C₂Cl_x QDs-SnO₂ heterojunction. i Reverse and forward scans for the pristine and Ti₃C₂Cl_x QDs-modified devices. j Normalized PCEs against storage time for the pristine and Ti₃C₂Cl_x QDs-treated devices. Reproduced with permission from [228] Copyright 2021, Elsevier