Table 3.
Factors associated with depression in Honduran residents in the COVID-19 pandemic, in the period 2021–2022, (n = 8,125).
| Variable | Depression | Type of analytical statistics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No n (%) | Yes n (%) | Bivariate | Multivariate | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 2,642 (92.7) | 209 (7.3) | Comparison cat. | Did not enter the model |
| Female | 925 (93.4) | 348 (6.6) | 0.90 (0.76–1.06) 0.213 | Did not enter the model |
| Age (years completed) | 34 (26–47) | 35 (26–49) | 1.05 (0.99–1.01) 0.126 | Did not enter the model |
| Education level | ||||
| High school or less | 5,276 (92.9) | 402 (7.1) | Comparison cat. | Did not enter the model |
| University or more | 2,291 (93.7) | 155 (6.3) | 0.90 (0.75–1.07) 0.225 | Did not enter the model |
| Infected with COVID-19 | ||||
| No | 4,751 (93.8) | 314 (6.2) | Comparison cat. | Comparison cat. |
| Yes | 2,816 (92.1) | 243 (7.9) | 1.28 (1.09–1.51) 0.003 | 1.15 (0.98–1.36) 0.094 |
| Family member died from COVID-19 | ||||
| No | 6,155 (93.5) | 431 (6.5) | Comparison cat. | Comparison cat. |
| Yes | 1,412 (91.8) | 126 (8.2) | 1.25 (1.03–1.51) 0.021 | 1.10 (0.91–1.34) 0.323 |
| Arterial hypertension | ||||
| No | 6,067 (93.9) | 397 (6.1) | Comparison cat. | Comparison cat. |
| Si | 1,500 (90.4) | 160 (9.6) | 1.57 (1.32–1.87) <0.001 | 1.35 (1.11–1.64) 0.002 |
| Obesity | ||||
| No | 6,405 (93.7) | 430 (6.3) | Comparison cat. | Comparison cat. |
| Yes | 1,162 (90.2) | 127 (9.8) | 1.57 (1.30–1.89) <0.001 | 1.28 (1.04–1.57) 0.019 |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| No | 6,900 (93.6) | 472 (6.4) | Comparison cat. | Comparison cat. |
| Yes | 667 (88.7) | 85 (11.3) | 1.77 (1.42–2.20) <0.001 | 1.43 (1.13–1.82) 0.004 |
| Mental illness | ||||
| No | 7,439 (93.7) | 496 (6.3) | Comparison cat. | Comparison cat. |
| Yes | 128 (67.7) | 61 (32.8) | 5.16 (4.13–6.46) <0.001 | 4.73 (3.77–5.93) <0.001 |
| Alcohol in last 6 months | ||||
| No | 5,443 (93.7) | 366 (6.3) | Comparison cat. | Comparison cat. |
| Yes | 2,124 (91.8) | 191 (8.2) | 1.31 (1.11–1.55) 0.002 | 1.15 (0.96–1.38) 0.134 |
| Drugs in last 6 months | ||||
| No | 7,386 (93.4) | 525 (6.6) | Comparison cat. | Comparison cat. |
| Yes | 181 (85.0) | 32 (15.0) | 2.26 (1.63–3.15) <0.001 | 2.08 (1.47–2.94) <0.001 |
*Variable taken as quantitative. For analytical statistics, prevalence ratios (left of parentheses), 95% confidence intervals (within parentheses) and p-values (right of parentheses), obtained with the generalized linear models (Poisson family, log link function and models for robust variances) are shown.