Fig. 1.

Scheme of the experimental setup and analyses carried out. a Five durum wheat varieties were b grown under two water regimes (irrigated and rainfed conditions). c Climatic conditions during the 2018/2019 crop season are shown: daily maximum (red line), mean (grey line), and minimum (dark blue line) temperatures, relative humidity (light blue line), and water inputs (precipitation as light green bars, and with support irrigation as dark green bars). d A detailed list with the protocols performed at different growth stages and plant levels is included, e with an emphasis on the sampled organs