TABLE 3.
Associations between OMS-diet and high-quality diet adherence with 7.5 years health outcomes (N = 671).
| Depression | Fatigue | Disability | |||
| Diet adherence | PHQ > 4 | FSS > 5 | Normal/mild vs. moderate | Normal/mild vs. severe | Moderate vs. severe |
| aRR (95% CI) | |||||
| OMS dieta | |||||
| None | 1.00 [Ref] | 1.00 [Ref] | 1.00 [Ref] | 1.00 [Ref] | 1.00 [Ref] |
| Commenced | 0.70 (0.44, 1.11) | 1.09 (0.74, 1.60) | 1.03 (0.57, 1.85) | 2.07 (0.75, 5.69) | 0.92 (0.32, 2.67) |
| Ceased | 1.14 (0.90, 1.44) | 1.25 (0.95, 1.66) | 0.95 (0.59, 1.52) | 1.51 (0.82, 2.75) | 1.70 (0.86, 3.35) |
| Ongoing | 0.80 (0.65, 0.97) ** | 0.89 (0.71, 1.11) | 1.11 (0.84, 1.48) | 0.83 (0.58, 1.19) | 0.76 (0.45, 1.26) |
| aRR (95% CI) | |||||
| High-quality dietb | |||||
| None | 1.00 [Ref] | 1.00 [Ref] | 1.00 [Ref] | 1.00 [Ref] | 1.00 [Ref] |
| Commenced | 0.97 (0.70, 1.33) | 1.24 (0.88, 1.74) | 1.07 (0.65, 1.74) | 1.22 (0.64, 2.31) | 1.06 (0.57, 1.98) |
| Ceased | 1.12 (0.87, 1.44) | 1.19 (0.89, 1.59) | 0.87 (0.54, 1.41) | 1.22 (0.32, 4.60) | 0.70 (0.10, 4.88) |
| Ongoing | 0.78 (0.64, 0.94) ** | 0.97 (0.79, 1.20) | 1.19 (0.91, 1.55) | 1.14 (0.71, 1.84) | 0.79 (0.49, 1.28) |
aOMS-diet is compared against not following OMS-diet.
bHigh-quality diet is compared against DHQ scores below median. Models adjusted for 5- and 7.5-year ongoing symptoms due to recent relapse, 5-year outcomes, age, sex, MS phenotype, MS duration, perceived SES, education, employment, number of treated comorbidities, disability (for fatigue and depression), and use of antidepressant and anti-fatigue medication. Boldface denotes statistical significance (**p < 0.01). aRR, adjusted risk ratio; DHQ, diet habits questionnaire; FSS, fatigue severity scale; OMS, Overcoming MS.