(A) Image-based cell viability, (B) LDH leakage, (C) albumin secretion, (D) urea secretion. Except for cell viability, endpoints were normalized to the mean of the data at 0 h. Data are plotted as box and whiskers (min-max, n = 8–16). Asterisks indicate statistical significance as follows: (*) is for p < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test; (#) is for p < 0.05 by unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction.