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. 2023 Mar 14;8:116. doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01343-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Schematic overview of strategies for cell rejuvenation. Various strategies have been developed for cell rejuvenation that leverage intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including epigenetic reprogramming, genetic enhancement, autophagy modulation, and metabolic manipulation. Furthermore, small molecules, growth factors and cytokines, blood factors, iPSC technology, clearance of senescent cells and SASP, microenvironment regulation, and circadian clock modulation can also exert great influences on cell rejuvenation. iPSCs induced pluripotent stem cells, SASP senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Created with BioRender.com