TABLE 2.

Important features of reports on treatment failures of human hookworm infections^a

Characteristic	Mali (N. americanus)	Australia (A. duodenale)
Helminth species
Initial prevalence and transmission	High	Moderate
Previous drug exposure	In health centers	Community treatment
Anthelmintic drug	Mebendazole (Vermox)	Pyrantel (Combantrin)
Dose	500 mg/person	10 mg/kg
Treatment regimen	Single dose	Single dose
Study design
No. of subjects	103	29
Random selection of subjects	Yes	Yes
Control group, other drug	Pyrantel	Albendazole
Control group, no treatment	Yes	No
Placebo	Yes	No
Coprological method	Kato-Katz	ZnSO4 flotation + Kato
EPGb after treatment (wk)	4	1
Cure rate (%)c
Treated group	22.9	13.3
Control group, no treatment	25.0	NDe
Control group, other treatment	44.8	100
Placebo group	22.6	ND
Egg reduction rate (%)d
Treated group	−6.5 (increase)	−46.1 (increase)
Control group, no treatment	39.5	ND
Control group, other treatment	75.0	100.0
Placebo group (vitamin C)	32.7	ND
In vitro assay (drug resistance)	Egg hatch test	ND

^aData from references 33 and 116. 

^bEPG, eggs per gram of feces. 

^cPercentage of treated (infected) persons becoming negative after treatment. 

^dPercent reduction of EPG after treatment compared to EPG before treatment. 

^eND, not done.