Table 2.

First-generation panel unit root test.

Variable	ADF stat.	Probability
Carbon emissions per capita	−1.743	0.045
Labor force	−3.488	0.000
Income per capita	−2.944	0.024
Green finance	−3.100	0.000
Consumer price index	−5.883	0.015
Renewable energy deployment	−2.943	0.049

Source: The authors.