Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics and Clinical Laboratory Findings Among Patients With Dengue and Severe Dengue, Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System, Puerto Rico, 2012–2014
| Characteristic | Total, No. (%) (n = 1089) | Severe, No. (%) (n = 281) | Nonsevere, No. (%) (n = 808) | P Value,a Severe vs Nonsevere |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 579 (53.2) | 158 (56.2) | 421 (52.1) | .26 |
| Female | 510 (46.8) | 123 (43.8) | 387 (47.9) | .26 |
| Age, y, median (range) | 15.3 (0–97.1) | 16.1 (0.2–82.8) | 14.9 (0–97.1) | .04 |
| 0–9 | 274 (25.2) | 49 (17.4) | 225 (27.8) | .001 |
| 10–19 | 478 (43.9) | 155 (55.2) | 323 (40.0) | .001 |
| 20–29 | 119 (10.9) | 25 (8.9) | 94 (11.6) | .25 |
| 30–39 | 59 (5.4) | 15 (5.3) | 44 (5.4) | 1.0 |
| 40–49 | 47 (4.3) | 9 (3.2) | 38 (4.7) | .37 |
| 50+ | 112 (10.3) | 28 (10.0) | 84 (10.4) | .93 |
| Year of recruitment | ||||
| 2012 | 418 (42.8) | 115 (48.5) | 303 (40.9) | .05 |
| 2013 | 455 (46.6) | 108 (45.6) | 347 (46.9) | .78 |
| 2014 | 104 (10.6) | 14 (5.9) | 90 (12.2) | .01 |
| Days after illness onset, median (range) | 3 (0–7.0) | 4 (0–7.0) | 3 (0–7.0) | <.001 |
| <3 | 417 (38.3) | 63 (22.4) | 354 (43.8) | <.001 |
| 3–5 | 592 (54.4) | 191 (68.0) | 401 (49.6) | <.001 |
| 6–7 | 80 (7.3) | 27 (9.6) | 53 (6.6) | .12 |
| Disposition | ||||
| Admitted | 483 (44.4) | 245 (87.2) | 238 (29.5) | <.001 |
| Died | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 1.0 |
| Sent home | 602 (55.3) | 34 (12.1) | 568 (70.3) | <.001 |
| Transferred | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.1) | .34 |
| Duration of hospitalization among those hospitalized | n = 483 | n = 245 | n = 238 | |
| Duration of hospitalization in days, median (range) | 3.0 (0–14.0) | 3.5 (0–14.0) | 3.0 (1.0–10.0) | <.001 |
| Secondary DENV infection | n = 719 | n = 183 | n = 536 | |
| No | 153 (21.3) | 24 (13.1) | 129 (24.1) | |
| Yes | 566 (78.7) | 159 (86.9) | 407 (75.9) | .003 |
| Infecting DENV | n = 720 | n = 176 | n = 544 | |
| DENV-1 | 679 (94.3) | 161 (91.5) | 518 (95.2) | .09 |
| DENV-2 | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.6) | .75 |
| DENV-4 | 38 (5.3) | 15 (8.5) | 23 (4.2) | .04 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Highest AST U/L, median (range) | 104 (10–8111) | 153 (13–8111) | 86 (10–909) | <.001 |
| AST <50 U/L | 129 (22.8) | 49 (19.4) | 80 (25.4) | .11 |
| AST 51–500 U/L | 388 (68.4) | 164 (65.1) | 224 (71.1) | .15 |
| AST 501–1000 U/L | 38 (6.7) | 27 (10.7) | 11 (3.5) | .001 |
| AST >1000 U/L | 12 (2.1) | 12 (4.8) | 0 (0) | <.001 |
| Lowest ALT U/L, median (range) | 87 (160–7548) | 136 (20–7548) | 68 (16–968) | <.001 |
| ALT <50 U/L | 161 (28.3) | 49 (19.4) | 112 (35.4) | <.001 |
| ALT 51–500 U/L | 364 (64.0) | 170 (67.2) | 194 (61.4) | .18 |
| ALT 501–1000 U/L | 39 (6.9) | 29 (11.5) | 10 (3.2) | <.001 |
| ALT >1000 U/L | 5 (0.9) | 5 (2.0) | 0 (0) | .0396 |
| Lowest WBC/microL, median (range) | 3400 (800–24 000) | 2900 (800–19 000) | 3700 (900–24 000) | <.001 |
| WBC ≤4000 cells/microL | 661 (62.2) | 212 (76.5) | 449 (57.2) | <.001 |
| WBC 4001–10 000 cells/microL | 358 (33.7) | 60 (21.7) | 298 (38) | <.001 |
| WBC >10 000 cells/microL | 43 (4.0) | 5 (1.8) | 38 (4.8) | .04 |
| Lowest PLT/microL, median (range) | 11 4000 (2000–511 000) | 62 000 (2000–457 000) | 134 000 (3000–511 000) | <.001 |
| PLT < 50 000/microL | 158 (14.9) | 87 (31.3) | 71 (9.1) | <.001 |
| PLT 50 000–100 000/microL | 294 (27.7) | 119 (42.8) | 175 (22.3) | <.001 |
| PLT >100 000/microL | 609 (57.4) | 72 (25.9) | 537 (68.6) | <.001 |
| Thrombocytopenia <100 000 platelets/microL | 452 (42.6) | 206 (74.1) | 246 (31.4) | <.001 |
| Highest hematocrit %, median (range) | 41.2 (28.5–57.4) | 41.3 (28.9–55.5) | 41.0 (28.5–57.4) | .95 |
| Hemoconcentration | 60 (5.6) | 30 (10.8) | 30 (3.8) | <.001 |
| Low albumin g/dL | 309 (65.5) | 208 (85.6) | 101 (44.1) | <.001 |
| Lowest albumin g/dL, median (range) | 3.2 (1.9–5.0) | 3.1 (1.9–4.1) | 3.4 (2.0–5.0) | <.001 |
Data are No. (%) except where indicated.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; DENV, dengue virus; PLT, platelets; WBC, white blood cell; U/L, units per litre; microL, microlitre; dL, decilitre; g, grams.
a
Calculated with the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test to compare medians and χ2 test to estimate the difference in proportions.