Table. Characteristics of Renters and Other Nonhomeowners in the California Health Interview Survey, 2011-2017a.
| Characteristic | Participants, unweighted No. (weighted %) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 52 646) | Residential moving history (past 3 y) | ||||
| Cost-driven move (n = 3747) | No move (n = 27 558) | Non–cost-driven move (n = 21 341) | |||
| Participant characteristics | |||||
| Total participants, weighted % | 100 | 8.9 | 42.4 | 48.7 | NA |
| Housing type | |||||
| Rental | 47 160 (90.9) | 3466 (92.8) | 24 076 (87.5) | 19 618 (93.4) | <.001 |
| Other nonhomeownership arrangement | 5486 (9.1) | 281 (7.3) | 3482 (12.5) | 1723 (6.6) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 30 158 (50.3) | 2123 (50.3) | 16 160 (51.1) | 11 875 (49.6) | .23 |
| Male | 22 488 (49.7) | 1624 (49.7) | 11 398 (48.9) | 9466 (50.4) | |
| Age group, y | |||||
| 18-24 | 6264 (16.5) | 530 (17.1) | 2221 (13.1) | 3513 (19.4) | <.001 |
| 25-34 | 8610 (27.9) | 737 (28.6) | 2732 (19.7) | 5141 (34.9) | |
| 35-49 | 11 946 (28.4) | 997 (30.7) | 5878 (29.9) | 5071 (26.7) | |
| 50-59 | 9255 (12.4) | 672 (13.3) | 5529 (15.8) | 3054 (9.2) | |
| 60-69 | 8025 (8.1) | 516 (7.2) | 5185 (11.3) | 2324 (5.6) | |
| 70-79 | 5050 (4.3) | 202 (2.2) | 3555 (6.7) | 1293 (2.7) | |
| ≥80 | 3496 (2.4) | 93 (0.9) | 2458 (3.6) | 945 (1.5) | |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 18 482 (45.3) | 1551 (50.5) | 9873 (49.9) | 7058 (40.2) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 5435 (13.2) | 307 (11.8) | 3124 (12.2) | 2004 (14.2) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3902 (7.7) | 322 (9.8) | 2020 (7.3) | 1560 (7.8) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 22 649 (30.9) | 1424 (25.0) | 11 502 (27.9) | 9723 (34.5) | |
| Otherb | 2178 (3.0) | 143 (2.9) | 1039 (2.7) | 996 (3.3) | |
| Family composition | |||||
| Married nonparent | 7899 (13.7) | 489 (11.1) | 4660 (15.9) | 2750 (12.2) | <.001 |
| Married parent | 8718 (22.2) | 738 (23.4) | 4008 (21.7) | 3972 (22.5) | |
| Single nonparent | 31 262 (54.1) | 2065 (52.2) | 16 825 (53.3) | 12 372 (55.1) | |
| Single parent | 4767 (10.0) | 455 (13.2) | 2065 (9.1) | 2247 (10.2) | |
| Employment | |||||
| Employed full time | 23 153 (56.1) | 1774 (55.3) | 10 716 (52.0) | 10 663 (59.7) | <.001 |
| Employed part time | 4845 (9.9) | 366 (10.1) | 2508 (10.5) | 1971 (9.3) | |
| Unemployed and seeking work | 3710 (8.5) | 398 (11.6) | 1682 (7.5) | 1630 (8.7) | |
| Unemployed and not seeking work | 20 938 (25.6) | 1209 (23.0) | 12 652 (29.9) | 7077 (22.2) | |
| Educational attainment | |||||
| Less than high school diploma | 10 144 (22.5) | 781 (25.5) | 6013 (27.2) | 3350 (18.0) | <.001 |
| High school diploma | 14 296 (23.9) | 1114 (25.7) | 7422 (24.3) | 5760 (23.2) | |
| Some college, associate’s degree, or vocational school | 13 917 (25.7) | 992 (26.4) | 7239 (25.1) | 5686 (26.0) | |
| College degree | 9263 (19.5) | 578 (16.7) | 4447 (16.4) | 4238 (22.7) | |
| Graduate school | 5026 (8.4) | 282 (5.7) | 2437 (7.1) | 2307 (10.1) | |
| Income, % of federal poverty level | |||||
| 0-99 | 15 558 (28.9) | 1292 (34.4) | 8357 (29.9) | 5909 (27.1) | <.001 |
| 100-199 | 14 582 (26.2) | 1104 (28.7) | 8157 (28.4) | 5321 (23.9) | |
| 200-299 | 7624 (15.1) | 544 (15.3) | 3934 (15.1) | 3146 (15.0) | |
| ≥300 | 14 882 (29.8) | 807 (21.6) | 7110 (26.7) | 6965 (34.1) | |
| Limited English language proficiency | 10 794 (23.0) | 810 (25.5) | 6577 (28.2) | 3407 (18.0) | <.001 |
| Health insurance type | |||||
| Employment-based | 13 982 (32.8) | 891 (25.9) | 6349 (28.5) | 6742 (37.7) | <.001 |
| Medicaid only | 12 703 (26.7) | 1119 (31.6) | 6178 (27.3) | 5406 (25.3) | |
| Medicaid plus Medicare | 7195 (6.6) | 359 (5.3) | 5063 (9.7) | 1773 (4.2) | |
| Medicare plus other insurance | 5337 (4.2) | 220 (1.9) | 3434 (6.0) | 1683 (3.0) | |
| Medicare or other public insurance only | 2881 (3.9) | 184 (3.2) | 1604 (4.2) | 1093 (3.7) | |
| Private | 2567 (5.4) | 191 (5.3) | 1171 (4.6) | 1205 (6.1) | |
| No insurance | 7981 (20.5) | 783 (27.0) | 3759 (19.7) | 3439 (19.9) | |
| Immigration and citizenship | |||||
| US-born citizen | 34 656 (58.9) | 2386 (54.4) | 17 369 (54.7) | 14 901 (63.3) | <.001 |
| Naturalized citizen | 8253 (14.9) | 532 (14.9) | 5355 (18.8) | 2366 (11.5) | |
| Noncitizen with green card | 5159 (12.2) | 400 (13.5) | 2738 (12.6) | 2021 (11.5) | |
| Noncitizen without green card | 4578 (14.1) | 429 (17.3) | 2096 (13.9) | 2053 (13.8) | |
| Urbanicity | |||||
| Urban | 44 859 (92.3) | 3186 (92.8) | 23 631 (92.4) | 18 042 (92.1) | .57 |
| Rural | 7787 (7.7) | 561 (7.2) | 3927 (7.6) | 3299 (7.9) | |
| Census tract characteristicsc | |||||
| Social Vulnerability Index, California state quartile | |||||
| 1 (least vulnerable) | 8419 (16.1) | 497 (12.8) | 4206 (14.5) | 3716 (18.1) | <.001 |
| 2 | 12 467 (22.2) | 829 (19.7) | 6295 (20.2) | 5343 (24.4) | |
| 3 | 14 493 (28.0) | 1107 (30.6) | 7560 (28.5) | 5826 (27.0) | |
| 4 (most vulnerable) | 17 083 (33.8) | 1306 (36.9) | 9418 (36.9) | 6359 (30.5) | |
| Incarceration rate, California state quartile | |||||
| 1 (lowest rate) | 10 599 (19.1) | 645 (15.4) | 5516 (18.1) | 4438 (20.7) | <.001 |
| 2 | 12 504 (23.3) | 861 (22.3) | 6489 (22.8) | 5154 (23.8) | |
| 3 | 13 909 (26.7) | 1048 (28.2) | 7297 (26.8) | 5564 (26.4) | |
| 4 (highest rate) | 15 450 (30.9) | 1185 (34.1) | 8177 (32.3) | 6088 (29.2) | |
| Walkability Index, California state quartile | |||||
| 1 (most walkable) | 15 167 (32.4) | 969 (30.8) | 8467 (33.5) | 5731 (31.6) | .003 |
| 2 | 12 100 (26.3) | 850 (26.4) | 6491 (27.0) | 4759 (25.7) | |
| 3 | 13 166 (23.8) | 960 (24.2) | 6643 (23.3) | 5563 (24.2) | |
| 4 (least walkable) | 12 029 (17.5) | 960 (18.6) | 5878 (16.2) | 5191 (18.5) | |
| Park access, California state quartile | |||||
| 1 (most access) | 11 977 (26.4) | 767 (25.9) | 6652 (27.0) | 4558 (26.1) | .70 |
| 2 | 13 368 (25.7) | 1003 (26.1) | 6994 (26.0) | 5371 (25.5) | |
| 3 | 13 341 (24.6) | 937 (25.4) | 6803 (24.3) | 5601 (24.7) | |
| 4 (least access) | 13 776 (23.3) | 1032 (22.5) | 7030 (22.8) | 5714 (23.8) | |
| Housing and Transportation Affordability Index, California state quartile | |||||
| 1 (most affordable) | 16 794 (36.2) | 1180 (37.0) | 9415 (38.7) | 6199 (34.0) | <.001 |
| 2 | 13 781 (26.9) | 968 (25.4) | 7204 (27.2) | 5609 (26.9) | |
| 3 | 12 658 (22.3) | 965 (24.0) | 6352 (21.3) | 5341 (22.9) | |
| 4 (least affordable) | 9229 (14.5) | 626 (13.7) | 4508 (12.8) | 4095 (16.2) | |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
P values are from 2-tailed χ2 tests of differences in variable frequencies across residential moving status groups. Column percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding.
b
Includes non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native participants, non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander participants, non-Hispanic participants describing their race as other, and non-Hispanic participants selecting 2 or more races.
c
Reported for the 52 462 participants (99.7% of total sample) living in Census tracts for which all measured Census tract characteristics were nonmissing.