Table 3.

Regression models of the association between latent class membership, communication skills with caregivers, and toxic social networks

	b	SE	z-score
High childhood adversity (class 1)
Intercept	3.02	1.96	1.54
Age	0.03	0.07	0.47
Minoritized race/ethnicity (White non-Latinx)	0.49	0.35	1.40
Female and non-binary/other gender identity (male)	0.42	0.59	0.70
Frequency of communication with caregiver	0.05	0.06	0.79
Communication skills with caregiver	− 0.48*	0.21	− 2.24
R2	0.39**	0.14	2.73
High to moderate household dysfunction and emotional abuse (class 2)
Intercept	8.05	6.56	1.23
Age	− 0.18	0.31	− 0.59
Minoritized race/ethnicity (White non-Latinx)	− 0.18	0.34	− 0.52
Female and non-binary/other gender identity (male)	0.28	0.54	0.52
Frequency of communication with caregiver	− 0.05	0.12	− 0.41
Communication skills with caregiver	− 0.63	0.54	− 1.17
R2	0.34	0.41	0.82
High emotional abuse and moderate physical abuse and emotional neglect (class 3)
Intercept	2.44*	1.17	2.09
Age	− 0.01	0.03	− 0.36
Minoritized race/ethnicity (White non-Latinx)	− 0.16	0.30	− 0.53
Female and non-binary/other gender identity (male)	0.73*	0.33	2.18
Frequency of communication with caregiver	− 0.08	0.08	− 1.03
Communication skills with caregiver	0.22	0.23	0.98
R2	0.22	0.13	1.73
Low or no childhood adversity (class 4)
Intercept	3.83***	0.72	5.33
Age	− 0.04	0.03	− 1.27
Minoritized race/ethnicity (White non-Latinx)	0.16	0.10	1.67
Female and non-binary/other gender identity (male)	0.09	0.11	0.90
Frequency of communication with caregiver	− 0.03	0.04	− 0.73
Communication skills with caregiver	− 0.34***	0.08	− 4.29
R2	0.12**	0.04	3.21
Model constraint
Class 1 vs. class 2	− 5.03	6.98	− 0.72
Class 1 vs. class 3	0.58	2.31	0.25
Class 1 vs. class 4	− 0.81	2.08	− 0.39
Class 2 vs. class 3	5.61	6.78	0.83
Class 2 vs. class 4	4.22	6.62	0.64
Class 3 vs. class 4	− 1.39	1.48	− 0.94

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001