Table 1.
Socio-demographic and behavior factors (n=220).
| Variables | Case (72) n (%) | Control (148) n (%) | Total | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occupational status | ||||
| Employed | 24 (33.3) | 50 (33.8) | 74 (33.6) | 0.947 |
| Unemployed | 48 (66.7) | 98 (66.2) | 146 (66.4) | |
| Monthly income (JD) | ||||
| ≤400 | 37 (51.4) | 15 (10.1) | 52 (23.6) | <0.001 |
| 401–550 | 10 (13.9) | 46 (31.1) | 56 (25.5) | |
| 550–700 | 13 (18.1) | 35 (23.6) | 48 (21.8) | |
| >700 | 12 (16.7) | 52 (35.1) | 64 (29.1) | |
| Type of families | ||||
| Core family | 46 (63.9) | 118 (79.7) | 164 (74.5) | 0.001 |
| Extended family | 26 (36.1) | 30 (20.3) | 56 (25.5) | |
| Maternal cigarettes use | ||||
| Yes | 7 (9.7) | 3 (2.0) | 10 (4.5) | 0.010 |
| No | 65 (90.3) | 145 (98.0) | 210 (95.5) | |
| Maternal waterpipe use | ||||
| Yes | 12 (16.7) | 17 (11.5) | 29 (13.2) | 0.287 |
| No | 60 (83.3) | 131 (88.5) | 191 (86.8) | |
| Maternal smoking status | ||||
| Cigarette only | 2 (2.8) | 1 (0.7) | 3 (1.4) | 0.084 |
| Water pipe only | 7 (9.7) | 15 (10.1) | 22 (10.0) | |
| Cigarette and water pipe | 5 (6.9) | 2 (1.4) | 7 (3.2) | |
| Non-smoker | 58 (80.6) | 130 (87.8) | 188 (85.5) | |
| Passive smoking | ||||
| Yes | 54 (75.0) | 48 (32.4) | 102 (46.4) | <0.001 |
| No | 18 (25.0) | 100 (67.6) | 118 (53.6) | |
| Body Mass Index (BMI)* | ||||
| Underweight | 3 (4.2) | 7 (4.8) | 10 (4.6) | 0.753 |
| Normal weight | 52 (73.2) | 97 (66.0) | 149 (68.3) | |
| Overweight | 11 (15.5) | 30 (20.4) | 41 (18.8) | |
| Obesity | 5 (7.0) | 13 (8.8) | 18 (8.3) | |
*
– Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using the ratio of weight (kilograms) to the square of height (meters) kg/m2. Underweight (<18.5). Normal weight (≥18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (>24.9–29.9 kg/m2), obesity (>29.9 kg/m2) (WHO, 2000).