Table 1.
Patient Characteristics Among Study Eligible Population by Intervention Grouping
| Characteristics | Entire sample | No intervention | Metformin | LCP:1 session | LCP:2–5 sessions | LCP:≥6 sessions | Bariatric surgery | Metformin and LCP | Bariatric surgery and metformin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 69,434 | 63,283 | 2,681 | 1,482 | 950 | 543 | 250 | 203 | 42 |
| % of sample | 100 | 91 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Patient age | 49.3 | 49.5 | 47.9 | 46.3 | 46.4 | 48.2 | 41.5 | 43.7 | 33.1 |
| High-risk eligibility criteria met, % | |||||||||
| OW + prediabetes | 67.6 | 65.9 | 86.2 | 84.1 | 86.0 | 88.6 | 86.8 | 97.0 | 100 |
| OW + risk score ≥3 | 50.6 | 51.9 | 43.3 | 35.7 | 37.0 | 28.2 | 25.2 | 29.1 | 4.8 |
| OW + National DPP referral | 6.4 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 19.3 | 32.3 | 64.3 | 5.2 | 37.0 | 9.5 |
| OW+ gestational diabetes | 0.2 | <1 | <1 | 0.0 | <1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Patient female sex, % | 50.0 | 48.2 | 64.9 | 66.5 | 71.4 | 79.2 | 82.4 | 80.3 | 90.5 |
| Highest BMI value (kg/m2) during study, % | 35.4 | 34.9 | 38.1 | 39.6 | 44.1 | 47.2 | 49.6 | 43.5 | 51.9 |
| Family history of diabetes, % | 46.6 | 46.7 | 44.8 | 43.7 | 46.3 | 32.6 | 66.0 | 39.9 | 59.5 |
| Risk score (range: 0–5), % | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.7 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 39.5 | 40.4 | 33.1 | 25.4 | 28.0 | 30.6 | 44.4 | 22.2 | 33.3 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 33.2 | 32.8 | 32.7 | 44.8 | 42.0 | 28.9 | 37.6 | 38.9 | 38.1 |
| Hispanic | 18.4 | 17.7 | 24.4 | 23.7 | 24.4 | 37.8 | 10.4 | 33.0 | 9.5 |
| Other or multiracial | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.0 |
| Missing/unknown/refused | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 7.6 | 4.4 | 19.1 |
| Social vulnerability indexa | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
| Charlson comorbidity indexb | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 3.7 |
| Study yearsc | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 7.5 |
Note: Boldface indicates a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in comparison with the no-intervention group using chi-square for percentages and t-test for means.
CCI, comorbidity index; DPP, Diabetes Prevention Program; LCP, lifestyle change program; OW, overweight.
a
Lower Social Vulnerability Index scores are better and indicate more desirable social determinants of health. Range: 0–1.
b
Lower CCI scores are better. CCI range: 0–25.
c
Time between the first encounter in the data and the last encounter or type 2 diabetes onset in the data.