Table 3.
Characteristics and Lifestyle Change Program Use Among Patients Referred to National Diabetes Prevention Program
| Characteristics | Not referred to NDPP |
Referred to NDPP |
No LCP attendance among referred |
Partial LCPa among referred |
High use LCPb among referred |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 64,681 | 4,753 | 3,417 | 627 | 709 |
| Number of LCP sessions | 0.1 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 10.5 |
| LCP duration (months) | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 4.6 |
| Study time period (years) | 5.8 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Patient age on January 2010 (range: 20–80 years) | 49.6 | 44.8 | 44.5 | 44.2 | 47.2 c |
| Other prevention intervention use, % | |||||
| Attended an LCP other than NDPP | 3.0 | 3.9 | 0.0 d | 23.9 | 5.1 c |
| Prescribed metformin | 4.1 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 9.1 c | 5.4 |
| Bariatric surgery | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 2.5 |
| T2DM follow-up incidence proportion | 17.2 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 12.8 | 7.5 c |
| How study eligibility was met, % | |||||
| Overweight and prediabetes | 46.7 | 81.5 | 84.4 | 78.9 | 70.4 c |
| Overweight, prediabetes, risk score ≥3 | 18.8 | 14.7 | 13.1 | 16.8 | 20.3 c |
| Overweight and risk score ≥3 | 34.2 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 5.6 c |
| Overweight and NDPP referral (only) | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 3.7 c |
| Overweight, prediabetes, gestational | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Patient female sex, % | 48.6 | 68.0 | 63.6 d | 77.4 | 80.5 |
| Family history of diabetes, % | 48.6 | 19.2 | 15.3 d | 26.0 | 31.7 |
| Social Vulnerability Index (lower is better) | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.57 |
| Highest BMI value during the study (kg/m2) | 35.2 | 38.8 | 34.8 d | 48.8 | 48.8 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 d | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 41.0 | 20.0 | 17.7 | 22.5 | 29.1 c |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 34.2 | 19.4 | 16.8 d | 25.2 | 26.9 |
| Hispanic | 15.6 | 56.2 | 60.3 d | 49.8 | 41.8 |
| Other or multiracial | 2.7 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
| Missing/unknown/refused | 6.5 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.001) using independent samples t-tests comparing means and chi-square comparing frequencies between one LCP use group with another.
Patients referred to NDPP include patients prescribed metformin or who had bariatric surgery. Values are group means or percentages.
LCP, lifestyle change program; NDPP, National Diabetes Prevention Program; T2DM, type 2 diabetes.
Partial LCP is defined as having LCP sessions but not meeting the high-use status.
High-use LCP is defined as 4 or more sessions of any LCP or a duration of attendance that spanned at least 9 months.
Significantly different from partial LCP group and significantly different from the no LCP attendance group only.
No LCP attendance is significantly different from the other 2 groups.