Table 15.
Parameter estimates of the spatial bivariate binary logistic regression modeling of ANC and DC
| Variables | Antenatal care visit (event = yes) | Place of Delivery (event = health facility) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (se.) | OR (95% CI) | Estimate(se) | OR(95% CI) | |
| Intercept | -0.7482(0.2026) | 1.0715(0.2133) | ||
| Age | ||||
| 15–19(ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 20–24 | 0.07928(0.127) | 1.0825 (0.843, 1.390) | -0.09237(0.136) | 0.912 (0.700, 1.187) |
| 25–29 | 0.2471(0.131) | 1.280 (0.991, 1.654) | -0.06191(0.141) | 0.940 (0.713, 1.239) |
| 30–34 | 0.3743(0.138) | 1.454 (1.109, 1.906) | 0.1643(0.151) | 1.179 (0.877, 1.584) |
| 35–39 | 0.4419(0.144) | 1.556 (1.172, 2.064) | 0.1805(0.159) | 1.198 (0.877, 1.636) |
| 40–44 | 0.4048(0.158) | 1.499 (1.099, 2.044) | 0.1544(0.179) | 1.167 (0.821, 1.660) |
| 45–49 | 0.1888(0.189) | 1.208 (0.834, 1.749) | 0.2274(0.216) | 1.255 (0.822, 1.916) |
| Mother’s education | ||||
| No education(ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Primary | 0.4740(0.000) | 1.606 (1.606, 1.606) | 0.5015(0.059) | 1.651 (1.470, 1.854) |
| Secondary | 0.8835(0.094) | 2.419 (2.011, 2.911) | 1.0769(0.107) | 2.935 (2.382, 3.618) |
| Higher | 0.8552(0.163) | 2.352 (1.708, 3.238) | 1.5154(0.229) | 4.551 (2.907, 7.125) |
| Husband education | ||||
| No education(ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Primary | 0.3008(0.000) | 1.351 (1.351, 1.351) | 0.3238(0.059) | 1.382 (1.230, 1.553) |
| Secondary | 0.5814(0.074) | 1.788 (1.546, 2.069) | 0.9047(0.085) | 2.471 (2.091, 2.920) |
| Higher | 0.4415(0.098) | 1.555 (1.283, 1.885) | 0.7079(0.114) | 2.0297 (1.624, 2.537) |
| Husband occupation | ||||
| Not working(ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Working | 0.2987(0.099) | 1.348 (1.110, 1.637) | 0.2518(0.105) | 1.286 (1.047, 1.580) |
| Household head | ||||
| Male | 0.04214(0.056) | 1.043 (0.934, 1.165) | -0.04013(0.066) | 0.961 (0.844, 1.093) |
| Female (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Unmarried (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Married | 0.00534(0.080) | 1.0053 (0.860, 1.175) | -0.07839(0.093) | 0.925 (0.771, 1.109) |
| Religion | ||||
| Orthodox (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Catholic | -0.5361(0.216) | 0.585 (0.383, 0.893) | -0.08831(0.269) | 0.915(0.540, 1.551) |
| Protestant | -0.7095(0.074) | 0.492 (0.426, 0.568) | -0.4699(0.092) | 0.625 (0.522, 0.748) |
| Muslim | 0.06931(0.059) | 1.072 (0.955, 1.203) | 0.03233(0.072) | 1.033 (0.896, 1.190) |
| Others | -1.0357(0.183) | 0.355 (0.248, 0.508) | 0.1951(0.176) | 1.215 (0.861, 1.715) |
| Region | ||||
| Tigray (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Afar | -1.5083(0.117) | 0.221 (0.176, 0.278) | -1.9130(0.149) | 0.148 (0.110, 0.198) |
| Amhara | -0.9085(0.080) | 0.403 (0.345, 0.472) | -0.8659(0.097) | 0.421 (0.347, 0.509) |
| Oromo | -0.7804(0.082) | 0.458 (0.390, 0.538) | -1.0351(0.101) | 0.355 (0.291, 0.433) |
| Somalia | -1.7853(0.122) | 0.168 (0.132, 0.213) | -1.3436(0.131) | 0.261 (0.202, 0.337) |
| Benishangul | -0.2753(0.090) | 0.759 (0.637, 0.905) | -0.05028(0.105) | 0.951 (0.774, 1.168) |
| SNNP | -0.083(0.086) | 0.920 (0.777, 1.089) | -0.6180(0.109) | 0.539 (0.435, 0.668) |
| Gambela | 0.01289(0.102) | 1.013 (0.829, 1.237) | -0.4796(0.127) | 0.619 (0.482, 0.794) |
| Harari | -0.9170(0.109) | 0.400 (0.323, 0.495) | -0.1371(0.125) | 0.872 (0.683, 1.113) |
| Addis Ababa | 0.8101(0.127) | 2.248 (1.752, 2.884) | 0.5215(0.141) | 1.685 (1.278, 2.220) |
| Dire Dawa | -0.1116(0.108) | 0.894 (0.724, 1.104) | 0.05091(0.129) | 1.052 (0.817, 1.355) |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | -0.9805(0.062) | 0.375 (0.332, 0.424) | -1.8755(0.07043) | 0.153 (0.134, 0.176) |
| Birth order | ||||
| First(ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2–3 | 0.1058(0.088) | 1.112 (0.935, 1.322) | -0.2857(0.099) | 0.751 (0.618, 0.913) |
| 4–5 | 0.005187(0.102) | 1.005 (0.824, 1.227) | -0.5720(0.116) | 0.564 (0.450, 0.708) |
| 6 and above | -0.2454(0.113) | 0.782 (0.627, 0.976) | -0.6724(0.129) | 0.510 (0.397, 0.657) |
| Birth interval | ||||
| < = 24 (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 25–36 | 0.05564(0.062) | 1.057 (0.937, 1.193) | -0.1096(0.074) | 0.896 (0.775, 1.036) |
| > = 37 | 0.2911(0.05863) | 1.338 (1.193, 1.501) | 0.2817(0.069) | 1.325 (1.157, 1.519) |
| Media exposure | ||||
| No(ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.5300(0.000) | 1.699 (1.699, 1.699) | 0.3731(0.055) | 1.452 (1.303, 1.618) |
| Has mobile/ Tele | ||||
| No(ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.1363(0.072) | 1.146 (0.996, 1.319) | 0.4556(0.077) | 1.577 (1.357, 1.833) |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poor(ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Middle | 0.2968(0.059) | 1.346 (1.197, 1.512) | 0.1446(0.0724) | 1.156 (1.003, 1.332) |
| Rich | 0.5181(0.000) | 1.679 (1.679, 1.679) | 0.4158(0.062) | 1.516 (1.343, 1.710) |
| EDHS year | ||||
| 2000 | -1.3455(0.073) | 0.260 (0.226, 0.300) | -2.4807(0.084) | 0.084 (0.071, 0.099) |
| 2005 | -1.3979(0.109) | 0.247 (0.199, 0.306) | -2.2114(0.123) | 0.110 (0.086, 0.139) |
| 2011 | -0.8638(0.062) | 0.422 (0.373, 0.476) | -1.7262(0.072) | 0.178 (0.154, 0.205) |
| 2016 (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Si | 0.4562(0.156) | 1.578 (1.163, 2.142) | 0.06245(0.153) | 1.064 (0.788, 1.438) |
Measure of dependency Odds ratio = 2.029