Table 7.
Association of socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics with ANC and DC, EDHS 2016
| Variables | Categories | Weighted frequency (%) | Antenatal care visit | Place of Delivery | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) | No (%) | X2-p value | Health facility (%) | Home (%) | X2-p value | |||
| Age | 15–19 | 339(4.5) | 104(4.3) | 235(4.5) | 0.000 | 145(5.7) | 194(3.8) | 0.000 |
| 20–24 | 1465(19.3) | 454(18.8) | 1011(19.5) | 600(23.8) | 865(17.1) | |||
| 25–29 | 2165(28.5) | 791(32.8) | 1374(26.6) | 778(30.8) | 1387(27.4) | |||
| 30–34 | 1661(21.9) | 536(22.2) | 1125(21.7) | 499(19.8) | 1162(22.9) | |||
| 35–39 | 1206(15.9) | 343(14.2) | 863(16.7) | 360(14.3) | 846(16.7) | |||
| 40–44 | 546(7.2) | 144(6.0) | 402(7.8) | 109(4.3) | 437(8.6) | |||
| 45–49 | 207(2.7) | 42(1.7) | 164(3.2) | 32(1.3) | 175(3.5) | |||
| Mother’s education | No education | 4791(63.1) | 1156(47.9) | 3635(70.3) | 1036(41.1) | 3755(74.1) | 0.000 | |
| Primary | 2149(28.3) | 828(34.3) | 1321(25.5) | 927(36.7) | 1222(24.1) | |||
| Secondary | 419(5.5) | 263(10.9) | 156(3.0) | 346(13.7) | 74(1.5) | |||
| Higher | 229(3.0) | 167(6.9) | 62(1.2) | 214(8.5) | 16(0.3) | |||
| Mother’s Occupation | Not working | 4078(53.7) | 1206(50.0) | 2872(55.5) | 0.000 | 1238(49.0) | 2840(56.1) | 0 .000 |
| Working | 3511(46.3) | 1208(50.0) | 2303(44.5) | 1286(51.0) | 2226(43.9) | |||
| Husband education | No education | 3389(47.7) | 788(35.2) | 2601(53.5) | 0.000 | 750(32.0) | 2639(55.4) | 0.000 |
| Primary | 2731(38.4) | 908(40.5) | 1823(37.5) | 871(37.2) | 1860(39.0) | |||
| Secondary | 612(8.6) | 311(13.9) | 301(6.2) | 409(17.7) | 204(4.3) | |||
| Higher | 375(5.3) | 234(10.4) | 141(2.9) | 313(13.4) | 63(1.3) | |||
| Husband occupation | Not working | 571(8.0) | 122(5.4) | 449(9.2) | 0.000 | 154(6.6) | 417(8.7) | 0.002 |
| Working | 6538(92.0) | 2120(94.6) | 4418(90.8) | 2189(93.4) | 4349(91.3) | |||
| Household head | Male | 6473(85.3) | 2018(83.6) | 4455(86.1) | 0.004 | 2083(82.6) | 4390(86.7) | 0.000 |
| Female | 1116(14.7) | 396(16.4) | 720(13.9) | 440(17.4) | 676(13.3) | |||
| Marital status | Unmarried | 481(6.3) | 173(7.2) | 308(6.0) | 0.044 | 181(7.2) | 300(5.9) | 0.035 |
| Married | 7109(93.7) | 2242(92.8) | 4867(94.0) | 2343(92.8) | 4766(94.1) | |||
| Religion | Orthodox | 2882(38.0) | 1124(46.5) | 1758(34.0) | 0.000 | 1226(48.6) | 1656(32.7) | 0.000 |
| Catholic | 72(0.9) | 20(0.8) | 52(1.0) | 13(0.5) | 58(1.1) | |||
| Protestant | 1652(21.8) | 526(21.8) | 1126(21.8) | 501(19.9) | 1150(22.7) | |||
| Muslim | 2824(37.2) | 726(30.1) | 2098(40.5) | 766(30.4) | 2058(40.6) | |||
| Others | 160(2.1) | 19(0.8) | 141(2.7) | 17(0.7) | 143(2.8) | |||
| Region | Tigray | 537(7.1) | 304(12.6) | 233(4.5) | 0.000 | 357(14.1) | 180(3.6) | 0.000 |
| Afar | 71(0.9) | 15(0.6) | 56(1.1) | 14(0.6) | 57(1.1) | |||
| Amhara | 1633(21.5) | 514(21.3) | 1119(21.6) | 516(20.5) | 1116(22.0) | |||
| Oromo | 3129(41.2) | 692(28.6) | 2437(47.1) | 793(31.4) | 2337(46.1) | |||
| Somalia | 269(3.5) | 32(1.3) | 237(4.6) | 53(2.1) | 215(4.2) | |||
| Benishangul | 81(1.1) | 34(1.4) | 47(0.9) | 27(1.1) | 54(1.1) | |||
| SNNP | 1600(21.1) | 611(25.3) | 989(19.1) | 530(21.0) | 1070(21.1) | |||
| Gambela | 21(0.3) | 9(0.4) | 12(0.2) | 10(0.4) | 11(0.2) | |||
| Harari | 17(0.2) | 6(0.2) | 11(0.2) | 10(0.4) | 7(0.1) | |||
| Addis Ababa | 199(2.6) | 177(7.3) | 22(0.4) | 191(7.6) | 7(0.1) | |||
| Dire Dwa | 33(0.4) | 22(0.9) | 11(0.2) | 22(0.9) | 12(0.2) | |||
| Residence | Urban | 969(12.8) | 608(25.2) | 361(7.0) | 0.000 | 816(32.3) | 153(3.0) | 0.000 |
| Rural | 6621(87.2) | 1807(74.8) | 4814(93.0) | 1707(67.7) | 4914(97.0) | |||
| Family size | 1–3 | 1033(13.6) | 397(16.4) | 636(12.3) | 0.000 | 517(20.5) | 515(10.2) | 0.000 |
| 4–6 | 3889(51.2) | 1313(54.4) | 2576(49.8) | 1297(51.4) | 2591(51.1) | |||
| 7 and above | 2668(35.2) | 705(29.2) | 1963(37.9) | 709(28.1) | 1960(38.7) | |||
| Birth order | First | 1434(18.9) | 602(24.9) | 832(16.1) | 0.000 | 815(32.3) | 619(12.2) | 0.000 |
| 2–3 | 2282(30.1) | 808(33.5) | 1474(28.5) | 855(33.9) | 1426(28.1) | |||
| 4–5 | 1751(23.1) | 524(21.7) | 1227(23.7) | 440(17.4) | 1312(25.9) | |||
| 6 and above | 2123(28.0) | 481(19.9) | 1642(31.7) | 413(16.4) | 1709(33.7) | |||
| Birth interval | < = 24 | 1255(20.4) | 306(16.9) | 949(21.9) | 0.000 | 253(14.8) | 1002(22.6) | 0.000 |
| 25–36 | 1873(30.5) | 467(25.8) | 1406(32.4) | 418(24.5) | 1456(32.8) | |||
| > = 37 | 3016(49.1) | 1034(57.2) | 1982(45.7) | 1033(60.6) | 1983(44.7) | |||
| Mass media | No | 4969(65.5) | 1241(51.4) | 3728(72.0) | 0.000 | 1194(47.3) | 3775(74.5) | 0.000 |
| Yes | 2621(34.5) | 1174(48.6) | 1447(28.0) | 1329(52.7) | 1291(25.5) | |||
| Has mobile/Telephone | No | 6176(81.4) | 1625(67.3) | 4551(87.9) | 0.000 | 1602(63.5) | 4574(90.3) | 0.000 |
| Yes | 1413(18.6) | 789(32.7) | 624(12.1) | 921(36.5) | 492(9.7) | |||
| Wealth index | Poor | 3305(43.5) | 723(29.9) | 2582(49.9) | 0.000 | 659(26.1) | 2646(52.2) | 0.000 |
| Middle | 1588(20.9) | 447(18.5) | 1141(22.0) | 448(17.8) | 1140(22.5) | |||
| Rich | 2697(35.5) | 1245(51.6) | 1452(28.1) | 1416(56.1) | 1280(25.3) | |||
| Distance to health facility | Not big problem | 4825(63.6) | 1768(73.2) | 3057(59.1) | 0.000 | 1833(72.7) | 2992(59.1) | 0.000 |
| Big problem | 2764(36.4) | 647(26.8)) | 2118(40.9) | 690(27.3) | 2074(40.9) | |||
| Insurance | Not insured | 7273(95.8) | 2272(94.1) | 5001(96.6) | 0.000 | 2362(93.6) | 4910(96.9) | 0.000 |
| Insured | 318(4.2) | 143(5.9) | 175(3.4) | 161(6.4) | 156(3.1) | |||