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. 2023 Mar 15;21:26. doi: 10.1186/s12958-023-01080-y

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of 1258 infertile couples clustered in 4 clusters according to sperm DFI and the studied routine semen parameters

Characteristics Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4 P-value
N 346 468 329 115
Duration of attempt to conceive, years 3.0 [2.0, 6.0] 3.0 [2.0, 6.0] 4.0 [2.0, 5.0] 4.0 [2.0, 6.0] 0.521
Male age, years 32.0 [30.0, 35.0] 33.0 [30.0, 36.0] 33.0 [31.0, 37.0] 36.0 [31.5, 39.5]  < 0.001
Female age, years 31.0 [28.0, 33.0] 31.0 [29.0, 34.0] 31.00 [29.0, 34.0] 32.00 [30.0, 35.0] 0.003
Male BMI, kg/m2 23.5 [21.2, 25.9] 23.7 [21.7, 26.1] 23.3 [21.3, 25.6] 23.5 [21.3, 26.5] 0.534
Female BMI, kg/m2 21.9 [20.0, 23.9] 21.7 [20.0, 23.9] 21.8 [20.3, 23.6] 22.1 [20.8, 23.9] 0.377
Sperm DNA fragmentation index, % 8.6 [6.4, 12.5] 12.4 [8.8, 17.1] 15.9 [11.4, 20.2] 36.4 [30.1, 43.3]  < 0.001
Semen volume, mL 3.1 [2.3, 4.0] 2.9 [2.1, 3.8] 3.0 [2.1, 4.0] 2.9 [2.1, 4.2] 0.182
Sperm concentration, 106 / ml 62.0 [46.9, 87.3] 55.1 [38.1, 78.4] 29.30 [19.3, 41.8] 32.00 [20.6, 52.6]  < 0.001
Rapidly progressive motility, % 51.5 [47.0, 56.0] 36.0 [31.0, 40.0] 19.0 [14.0, 25.0] 13.0 [6.5, 20.0]  < 0.001
Slow or sluggish progressive motility, % 19.0 [17.0, 22.0] 22.0 [18.0, 26.0] 14.0 [10.0, 17.0] 12.0 [7.5, 15.0]  < 0.001
Anti-Mullerian hormone, ng/ml 4.1 [2.6, 6.2] 3.9 [2.4, 6.4] 3.7 [2.6, 6.2] 3.8 [2.6, 5.6] 0.783
Estradiol, pmol/L 117.5 [83.4, 174.3] 126.0 [88.0, 178.0] 125.0 [87.0, 171.0] 121.0 [93.0, 154.5] 0.681
Follicle-stimulating hormone, mIU/ml 5.4 [4.6, 6.1] 5.2 [4.5, 6.1] 5.2 [4.3, 6.3] 5.5 [4.8, 6.3] 0.217
Endometrial thickness on hCG trigger day, mm 10.7 [9.5, 11.6] 10.7 [9.5, 11.8] 10.7 [9.3, 12.0] 10.7 [9.5, 12.0] 0.679
Number of long down-regulation protocol 234 (67.6) 326 (69.7) 224 (68.1) 78 (67.8) 0.927
Number of oocytes retrieved 11.0 [8.0, 14.0] 11.0 [8.0, 14.0] 11.0 [8.0, 14.0] 10.0 [8.0, 14.0] 0.854
Number of fertilized eggs 9.0 [6.0, 11.0] 9.0 [6.0, 12.0] 8.0 [6.0, 11.0] 7.0 [6.0, 11.0] 0.006
Number of oocytes cleaved 9.0 [6.0, 11.0] 9.0 [6.0, 12.0] 8.00 [6.0, 11.0] 7.00 [5.0, 10.0] 0.003
Number of embryos available on Day3 4.0 [2.0, 7.0] 5.0 [3.0, 7.0] 4.0 [2.0, 6.0] 4.0 [2.0, 5.0] 0.012
Fertilization rate, % 87.5 [75.0, 100.0] 87.5 [73.3, 100.0] 83.3 [66.7, 93.8] 80.0 [60.0, 88.9]  < 0.001
Cleavage rate, % 100.0 [100.0, 100.0] 100.0 [100.0, 100.0] 100.0 [100.0, 100.0] 100.0 [100.0, 100.0] 0.490
D3 available embryos rate, % 50.0 [31.8, 70.0] 54.5 [33.3, 75.0] 50.00 [28.6, 70.0] 57.1 [31.7, 71.4] 0.592

Abbreviation: BMI body mass index. Note: Values are median (interquartile range) or number (%)