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. 2023 Mar 15;18:56. doi: 10.1186/s13023-023-02652-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — EQ-5D-5L results (patients aged ≥ 18 years; subset of study population). The EQ-5D-5L measure is comprised of two sections: the first assesses five domains impacting quality of life (mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression). Combining the levels for each domain creates the overall index value. The second section measures self-rated (global) health status utilising a vertically oriented visual analogue scale (VAS) where 100 represents the “best imaginable health state” and 0 represents the “worst imaginable health state.” Error bars are SD. Population norms are provided for the EQ-5D-5L index values for Germany (0.902), Spain (0.915) and Italy (0.899) [26]. SD Standard deviation, VAS Visual analogue scale