Table 5.

Weights of each PFAS in Bayesian Weighted Sums analysis of selected prenatal natural log-transformed PFAS ($\mathrm{n}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}\mathrm{L}$) and risk of adverse birth outcomes in 11 selected ECHO cohorts.

	Birthweight-for-gestational-age $z$-scores		Small-for-gestational-agea		Large-for-gestational-agea		Preterm birth		Term low birth weight		Gestational age at birth (weeks)
Categories	Weights	95% HPD	Weights	95% HPD	Weights	95% HPD	Weights	95% HPD	Weights	95% HPD	Weights	95% HPD
Summed effect
PFOA	0.15	(0.00, 0.38)	0.20	(0.00, 0.51)	0.13	(0.00, 0.35)	0.22	(0.00, 0.57)	0.24	(0.00, 0.58)	0.26	(0.00, 0.61)
PFOS	0.12	(0.00, 0.34)	0.21	(0.00, 0.55)	0.11	(0.00, 0.30)	0.19	(0.00, 0.49)	0.16	(0.00, 0.42)	0.20	(0.00, 0.51)
PFNA	0.22	(0.00, 0.52)	0.20	(0.00, 0.53)	0.23	(0.00, 0.55)	0.22	(0.00, 0.55)	0.18	(0.00, 0.46)	0.20	(0.00, 0.53)
PFHxS	0.10	(0.00, 0.27)	0.20	(0.00, 0.53)	0.14	(0.00, 0.37)	0.16	(0.00, 0.45)	0.13	(0.00, 0.37)	0.14	(0.00, 0.40)
PFDA	0.40	(0.02, 0.71)	0.20	(0.00, 0.52)	0.40	(0.03, 0.74)	0.20	(0.00, 0.50)	0.29	(0.00, 0.62)	0.20	(0.00, 0.51)
Low PSS
PFOA	0.14	(0.00, 0.39)	0.17	(0.00, 0.47)	0.18	(0.00, 0.46)	0.19	(0.00, 0.50)	0.20	(0.00, 0.52)	0.19	(0.00, 0.49)
PFOS	0.13	(0.00, 0.36)	0.21	(0.00, 0.56)	0.13	(0.00, 0.37)	0.19	(0.00, 0.51)	0.18	(0.00, 0.47)	0.18	(0.00, 0.49)
PFNA	0.30	(0.00, 0.63)	0.22	(0.00, 0.57)	0.19	(0.00, 0.47)	0.24	(0.00, 0.57)	0.22	(0.00, 0.54)	0.22	(0.00, 0.55)
PFHxS	0.18	(0.00, 0.44)	0.20	(0.00, 0.52)	0.27	(0.00, 0.58)	0.20	(0.00, 0.51)	0.19	(0.00, 0.49)	0.17	(0.00, 0.47)
PFDA	0.24	(0.00, 0.54)	0.19	(0.00, 0.50)	0.22	(0.00, 0.53)	0.18	(0.00, 0.47)	0.21	(0.00, 0.52)	0.24	(0.00, 0.58)
High PSS
PFOA	0.22	(0.00, 0.56)	0.17	(0.00, 0.49)	0.21	(0.00, 0.53)	0.24	(0.00, 0.57)	0.22	(0.00, 0.54)	0.23	(0.00, 0.60)
PFOS	0.17	(0.00, 0.47)	0.24	(0.00, 0.60)	0.18	(0.00, 0.49)	0.19	(0.00, 0.50)	0.16	(0.00, 0.44)	0.20	(0.00, 0.53)
PFNA	0.19	(0.00, 0.50)	0.20	(0.00, 0.52)	0.22	(0.00, 0.56)	0.21	(0.00, 0.53)	0.17	(0.00, 0.46)	0.19	(0.00, 0.51)
PFHxS	0.22	(0.00, 0.54)	0.19	(0.00, 0.54)	0.19	(0.00, 0.50)	0.17	(0.00, 0.48)	0.14	(0.00, 0.38)	0.19	(0.00, 0.52)
PFDA	0.21	(0.00, 0.53)	0.20	(0.00, 0.53)	0.20	(0.00, 0.51)	0.20	(0.00, 0.51)	0.31	(0.00, 0.67)	0.19	(0.00, 0.51)

Note: Model was adjusted for cohort, maternal race/ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, Black, Asian, other), for maternal educational attainment ($<\text{high school}$, high school degree/GED, some college, Bachelor’s degree or higher), maternal age at delivery ($<25$, 25–29, 30–34, $\ge 35$ years), parity (0, $1+$). RDs and ORs represent 1 log unit increase in PFAS concentrations ($\text{ng}/\mathrm{mL}$) and are presented with 95% HDP. ECHO, Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes; GED, General Educational Development; HDP, highest posterior density; OR, odds ratio; PFAS, per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFDA, perfluorodecanoic acid; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid; PFNA, perfluorononanoic acid; PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; RD, risk difference.

^a Appropriate-for-gestational-age is the referent from both small- and large-for-gestational age estimates.