Table 2.
Adjusteda cumulative hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gestational diabetes per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, NO2, and O3 for the preconception period, entire pregnancy and DLM-identified sensitive windows
| Pollutant | HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| PM2.5 (per IQR = 2.7 µg/m3 increase) | |
| Preconception period | 1.01 (0.98 – 1.03) |
| Pregnancy period | 1.05 (1.00 – 1.09) |
| Sensitive windows | 1.07 (1.02 – 1.11) |
| NO2 (per IQR = 10.0 ppb increase) | |
| Preconception period | 1.07 (0.88 – 1.23) |
| Pregnancy period | 1.00 (0.85 – 1.16) |
| Sensitive windows | - |
| O3 (per IQR = 7.0 ppb increase) | |
| Preconception period | 1.03 (1.01 – 1.06) |
| Pregnancy period | 1.04 (1.00 – 1.08) |
| Sensitive windows | 1.08 (1.04 – 1.12) |
aAdjusted for maternal age, parity, maternal smoking status, prepregnancy body mass index, weekly ambient temperatures, month of birth, year of birth, residing in the Greater Toronto Area, community size, deprivation quintiles, instability quintiles, dependency quintiles and ethnic quintiles