Fig. 1.

Methods and serial recognition task. A) Locations of cytoarchitectonic regions TE and TEO on the lateral surface of the macaque brain. Sts, superior temporal sulcus; ios, inferior occipital sulcus; amt, anterior middle temporal sulcus; pmt, posterior middle temporal sulcus; ots, occipito-temporal sulcus. Compass rose: D, dorsal; V, ventral; A, anterior; P, posterior. B) Examples of images used (shown without an overlaid cue). C) Structure of a single trial in the serial recognition task. Trials began with a bar touch and the outcome depended on when the monkey released the bar. Release in the red period always resulted in a skipped trial, extinguishing the image and beginning the ITI. Release in the green period resulted in a timeout for first presentations and reward delivery for second presentations. Failure to release during green ended the trial and began the ITI. The reward-maximizing strategy is to release during red for first presentations and during green for second presentations. D) Blocks of intervals used in training for the serial recognition task. Monkeys progressed to the next block upon either 1) reaching 75% accuracy on the previous block or 2) going 10 sessions with approximately stable performance, indicating they were no longer learning from the training. There were minor deviations from this training regimen; see Training notes in Methods. E) Example sequence of trials at the beginning of a task session at the hardest difficulty in the serial recognition task. Distinct images are represented by letters.