Table 1.
General characteristics of included participants (n=48 283) according to the presence or absence of CVD in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2020
| Characters | Overall (n=48 283) | Non-CVD (n=43 690) | CVD (n=4593) | P value |
| Age, year | 45.65±0.17 | 44.28±0.16 | 62.94±0.29 | <0.0001 |
| Sex | <0.0001 | |||
| Female | 50.47 (48.80 to 52.14) | 50.92 (50.42 to 51.42) | 44.85 (42.76 to 46.94) | |
| Male | 49.53 (47.91 to 51.15) | 49.08 (48.58 to 49.58) | 55.15 (53.06 to 57.24) | |
| Education | <0.0001 | |||
| Less than 9th grade | 5.74 (5.34 to 6.14) | 5.40 (5.00 to 5.80) | 10.01 (8.85 to 11.17) | |
| 9th–11th grade | 10.92 (10.30 to 11.54) | 10.51 (9.94 to 11.08) | 16.09 (14.72 to 17.47) | |
| High school graduate | 24.40 (23.18 to 25.62) | 24.14 (23.34 to 24.95) | 27.66 (25.62 to 29.70) | |
| College degree | 30.99 (29.80 to 32.18) | 31.18 (30.42 to 31.93) | 28.65 (26.91 to 30.38) | |
| College or above | 27.95 (26.33 to 29.57) | 28.77 (27.41 to 30.13) | 17.59 (15.57 to 19.61) | |
| Race | <0.0001 | |||
| Mexican American | 8.78 (7.82 to 9.73) | 9.12 (8.06 to 10.19) | 4.42 (3.54 to 5.30) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 11.15 (10.24 to 12.05) | 11.07 (10.03 to 12.11) | 12.15 (10.74 to 13.56) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 66.48 (62.76 to 70.21) | 65.94 (63.98 to 67.89) | 73.35 (71.13 to 75.56) | |
| Other Hispanic | 6.17 (5.37 to 6.97) | 6.34 (5.50 to 7.18) | 4.03 (3.21 to 4.85) | |
| Other race | 7.42 (6.83 to 8.02) | 7.53 (6.90 to 8.17) | 6.05 (5.01 to 7.09) | |
| Smoking status | <0.0001 | |||
| Never | 54.87 (53.09 to 56.65) | 56.06 (55.15 to 56.98) | 39.78 (37.84 to 41.72) | |
| Former | 23.61 (22.51 to 24.71) | 22.49 (21.84 to 23.13) | 37.81 (35.94 to 39.68) | |
| Now | 21.52 (20.52 to 22.52) | 21.45 (20.71 to 22.19) | 22.41 (20.75 to 24.07) | |
| Treatment anaemia | 2.99 (2.77 to 3.21) | 2.68 (2.48 to 2.89) | 6.88 (5.93 to 7.83) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 10.74 (10.27 to 11.21) | 9.07 (8.69 to 9.45) | 31.83 (30.27 to 33.40) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 46.36 (44.58 to 48.13) | 43.64 (42.81 to 44.48) | 80.63 (78.96 to 82.30) | <0.0001 |
| CKD | 12.86 (12.29 to 13.43) | 10.96 (10.54 to 11.39) | 36.81 (35.10 to 38.52) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.85±0.07 | 28.71±0.07 | 30.59±0.14 | <0.0001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 14.35±0.02 | 14.37±0.02 | 14.11±0.04 | <0.0001 |
| MCV (fL) | 89.51±0.07 | 89.43±0.07 | 90.49±0.11 | <0.0001 |
| RDW (%) | 13.05±0.01 | 13.01±0.01 | 13.56±0.03 | <0.0001 |
| Platelet count (%) | 254.18±0.64 | 255.65±0.65 | 235.59±1.51 | <0.0001 |
| Iron (µg/dL) | 88.00±0.28 | 88.43±0.28 | 82.56±0.77 | <0.0001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 148.40±1.02 | 146.81±1.06 | 168.58±2.47 | <0.0001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 52.96±0.16 | 53.20±0.16 | 49.84±0.41 | <0.0001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 195.14±0.36 | 195.87±0.38 | 186.03±1.11 | <0.0001 |
| RPR | 0.05±0.001 | 0.05±0.001 | 0.06±0.001 | <0.0001 |
Values indicate the weighted mean±SD or weighted % (95% CI). The results are weighted based on the survey. P values are weighted.
BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; RDW, red cell volume distribution width; RPR, RDW-to-platelet ratio; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.