Figure 4.

ER stress-controlled mucus secretion is regulated by the microbiota and Nod2

(A) Measurements of mucus thickness in colonic section from wild-type germ-free mice treated with TUDCA.

(B) % change in mucus secretion rates in response to TUDCA of colonic tissues from mice untreated or treated with antibiotics.

(C) Measurements of mucus thickness in colonic sections from wild-type mice treated with combinations of antibiotics, TUDCA, and IL-22.

(D) Measurements of mucus thickness in colonic sections from Rag1^−/− mice treated with TUDCA.

(E) Measurements of mucus thickness in colonic sections from MyD88^fl/fl and MyD88^ΔIEC mice treated with TUDCA.

(F) Measurements of mucus thickness in colonic sections from Nod2^−/− mice treated with TUDCA.

(A–F) Each dot represents a mouse. ns, not significant; ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. (A, B, D, and F) Student’s t test; (C and E) one-way ANOVA; WT, wild type; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid; ABX, antibiotics; IL-22, interleukin 22; fl, flox; IEC, intestinal epithelial cell.