Table 4.

In vivo studies of luteolin's analgesic effects in neuropathic models.

Animal model	Dose and route of administration of luteolin	Effect	Refs
male Sprague–Dawley rats	intrathecally administered luteolin 1.5 mg - intraperitoneally administered luteolin 50 mg/kg	Attenuated mechanical and cold hyperalgesia	(62)
diabetic rats - neuropathy induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in rats	intraperitoneally 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg	improved the impaired nerve functions, activated Nrf2, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GST, GPx and CAT, and reduced ROS production, attenuated hyperalgesia and allodynia in a dose dependent manner	(63)
sciatic nerve ligated mice luteolin	intraperitoneally 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg body weight	reduced hyperalgesia in acute and chronic phase of formalin test	(64)
Lewis's lung cancer induced bone pain in mice	intraperitoneally 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg	ameliorated pain in the pain behavior test in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited activation of glial cells in spinal dorsal root and NLRP3 inflammasome	(65)