Table 2.
Significant Associations between Blood Metabolites and the Risk of Psychiatric Disorders in the MR Analysis.
| Metabolite | SNPs | IVW | Penalized IVW | MR-RAPS | Maximum likelihood | MR-Egger Intercept | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | P value | ||
| Bipolar disorder | ||||||||||
| 1-Arachidonoyl-GPC | 5 | 0.31 (0.23–0.41) | 3.52 × 10−16 | 0.31 (0.21–0.46) | 6.76 × 10−9 | 0.30 (0.23–0.41) | 9.55 × 10−15 | 0.30 (0.23–0.41) | 9.53 × 10−15 | 0.67 |
| Glycoproteins | 71 | 0.94 (0.92–0.97) | 3.10 × 10−5 | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | 2.55 × 10−6 | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | 9.97 × 10−8 | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | 1.66 × 10–7 | 0.53 |
| N-acetylornithine | 9 | 0.72 (0.66–0.79) | 1.08 × 10−13 | 0.72 (0.66–0.79) | 1.08 × 10−13 | 0.72 (0.66–0.79) | 2.16 × 10−13 | 0.72 (0.66–0.78) | 1.96 × 10−13 | 0.15 |
| Glycine | 6 | 0.62 (0.50–0.77) | 2.28 × 10−5 | 0.62 (0.50–0.78) | 2.87 × 10−5 | 0.62 (0.50–0.78) | 2.74 × 10−5 | 0.62 (0.50–0.78) | 2.59 × 10−5 | 0.41 |
| Major depressive disorder | ||||||||||
| Docosahexaenoic acid | 133 | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) | 5.04 × 10−6 | 0.96 (0.95–0.98) | 4.13 × 10−5 | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) | 1.94 × 10−8 | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) | 2.57 × 10−8 | 0.94 |
| 3-Hydroxybutyrate | 25 | 1.14 (1.08–1.21) | 1.50 × 10−6 | 1.14 (1.08–1.21) | 6.76 × 10−6 | 1.15 (1.08–1.21) | 1.74 × 10−6 | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | 1.25 × 10−6 | 0.55 |
| Schizophrenia | ||||||||||
| Butyrylcarnitine | 17 | 1.22 (1.12–1.32) | 1.10 × 10−6 | 1.22 (1.12–1.32) | 3.39 × 10−6 | 1.22 (1.12–1.32) | 1.18 × 10−6 | 1.22 (1.13–1.32) | 8.75 × 10−7 | 0.15 |
| N-acetylornithine | 9 | 0.74 (0.64–0.84) | 5.14 × 10−6 | 0.74 (0.64–0.84) | 5.14 × 10−6 | 0.73 (0.67–0.80) | 1.93 × 10−11 | 0.73 (0.67–0.80) | 2.49 × 10−11 | 0.41 |
| Anorexia nervosa | ||||||||||
| Sphingomyelins | 159 | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | 2.34 × 10−5 | 1.13 (1.06–1.19) | 4.37 × 10−5 | 1.12 (1.07–1.19) | 2.25 × 10−5 | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | 2.45 × 10−5 | 0.49 |
Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) represent the association estimates with the risk of psychiatric disorders of per 1-SD increase in 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine (1-arachidonoyl-GPC), glycoproteins, N-acetylornithine, glycine, docosahexaenoic acid, 3-Hydroxybutyrate, butyrylcarnitine, and sphingomyelins levels, respectively. An observed 2-sided P < 6.79 × 10−5 was considered as statistically significant. A 2-sided P < .05 was considered as suggestive evidence for directional pleiotropy in the MR-Egger regression.
Abbreviations: IVW, inverse-variance weighted; MR-RAPS, Mendelian randomization robust adjusted profile score.